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[真題] 【考研真題】 2021年考研英語一真題及答案(一):完型填空

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發(fā)表于 2021-10-12 11:40 | 只看該作者 回帖獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) |倒序?yàn)g覽 |閱讀模式
2022年全國(guó)研究生考試已經(jīng)進(jìn)入最后的備戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,英語向來是歷年考試的重頭戲,大家現(xiàn)在開始刷題了嗎?今天為大家整理了2021年考研英語一的真題以及答案詳解,各位考生快來加入刷題大軍中吧。由于試卷內(nèi)容冗長(zhǎng),下面是完形填空部分的考試真題及答案,其他部分持續(xù)更新哦。
2021年英語一真題及答案(一)

完型填空試題
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.
One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline.
The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11 .
For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13 . It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.
16 , there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 . The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.
1. [A] pauses [B] returns [C] peaks [D] fades
2. [A] alternatively [B]formally [C]accidentally [D] generally
3. [A] while [B] since [C] once [D] until
4. [A] detection [B] accumulation [C] consumption [D] separation
5. [A] possibility [B] decision [C] goal [D] requirement
6. [A] delay [B] ensure [C] seek [D] utilize
7. [A] modified [B] supported [C] included [D] predicted
8. [A] devoted [B] compared [C] converted [D] applied
9. [A] with [B] above [C] by [D] against
10. [A] lived [B] managed [C] scored [D] played
11. [A] ran out [B] set off [C] drew in [D] went by
12. [A] superior [B] attributable [C] parallel [D] resistant
13. [A] restored [B] isolated [C] involved [D] controlled
14. [A] alter [B] spread [C] remove [D] explain
15. [A] compensations [B] symptoms [C] demands [D] treatments
16. [A] Likewise [B] Meanwhile [C] Therefore [D] Instead
17. [A] change [B] watch [C] count [D] take
18. [A] well-being [B] process [C] formation [D] coordination
19. [A] level [B] love [C] knowledge [D] space
20. [A] design [B] routine [C] diet [D] prescription

答案

1. 【答案】C(peaks)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。and then提示順承,借助slowly decline(慢慢下降)可知,C項(xiàng)peaks(達(dá)到最高點(diǎn))符合原文邏輯關(guān)系,即流動(dòng)智力在成年早期達(dá)到峰值,之后很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間趨于穩(wěn)定,之后隨著年齡增長(zhǎng),慢慢下降。本題答案為C項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng):A項(xiàng)pauses(暫停),B項(xiàng)returns(返回)和D項(xiàng)fades(逐漸消失),均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。

2. 【答案】D(generally)
【解析】語境題。比較各選項(xiàng)語義,A項(xiàng)
alternatively(二者擇一地),B項(xiàng)formally(形式上地),C項(xiàng)accidentally(偶然地)和D項(xiàng)generally(通常),其中,D項(xiàng)generally(通常)最符合原文語義。本題答案為D項(xiàng)。

3. 【答案】A(while)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。觀察選項(xiàng)可知,本題考查句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系,比較aging is inevitable和scientists are finding out that … may not be可知,inevitable和may not be提示語義相反,即“衰老不可避免”,與“科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦功能的某些變化可能并非不可避免”二者語義相反。A項(xiàng)while(盡管)提示讓步,符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。本題答案為A項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng):B項(xiàng)since(由于)提示因果關(guān)系,C項(xiàng)once(一旦)提示條件關(guān)系,D項(xiàng)until(到……為止)提示順承關(guān)系,均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。

4. 【答案】B(accumulation)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。and提示并列,muscle loss和the 4 of body fat around the abdomen(腹部脂肪的 4 )互相并列,借助muscle loss(肌肉流失)可知,B項(xiàng)accumulation(積累)符合原文邏輯關(guān)系,即,肌肉流失和腹部脂肪堆積。本題答案為B項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng):A項(xiàng)detection(偵查),C項(xiàng)consumption(消耗)和D項(xiàng)separation(分離),均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。

5. 【答案】A(possibility)
【解析】語境題。This指代上句的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),本句繼續(xù)介紹研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。比較各選項(xiàng)語義,A項(xiàng)possibility(可能性),B項(xiàng)decision(決定),C項(xiàng)goal(目標(biāo))和D項(xiàng)requirement(要求),可知,A項(xiàng)possibility符合原文語義,即,這表明生活方式因素可能有助預(yù)防這種下降的可能性。本題答案為A項(xiàng)。

6. 【答案】A(delay)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。or提示并列,借助prevent(預(yù)防)可知,A項(xiàng)delay(延期)符合原文邏輯關(guān)系,即預(yù)防或延遲流動(dòng)智力下降。本題答案為A項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng):B項(xiàng)ensure(保證),C項(xiàng)seek(尋求)和D項(xiàng)utilize(利用),均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。

7. 【答案】C(included)
【解析】語境題。本題考查連接data(數(shù)據(jù))和measurements(測(cè)量結(jié)果)的動(dòng)詞詞義。比較各選項(xiàng)語義,A項(xiàng)modified(修改),B項(xiàng)supported(支持),C項(xiàng)included(包括)和D項(xiàng)predicted(預(yù) 測(cè)),可知C項(xiàng)included符合原文語義,即研究人員查看了包括4,000多名中老年男性和女性瘦肌肉群和腹部脂肪測(cè)量結(jié)果的數(shù)據(jù)。本題答案為C項(xiàng)。

8. 【答案】B(compared)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。and提示并列,looked at data和 8 that data to reported changes互相并列,借助looked at(查看)可知,B項(xiàng)compared(比較)符合原文邏輯關(guān)系,且能與介詞to構(gòu)成固定搭配,compare … to…(將……與……相比)。本題答案為B項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng):其余各項(xiàng)與介詞to構(gòu)成固定搭配,A項(xiàng)devoted … to…(把……用于),C項(xiàng)converted … to…(把……轉(zhuǎn)化為……),D項(xiàng)applied … to…(把……應(yīng)用于……),均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。

9. 【答案】A(with)
【解析】固定搭配題。觀察選項(xiàng)可知,本題考查介詞用法。比較各選項(xiàng),A項(xiàng)with(帶有……),B項(xiàng)above(在……上面),C項(xiàng)by(通過……)和D項(xiàng)against(與……相反),可知,A項(xiàng)with連接higher measures of abdominal fat,作后置定語修飾people,符合原文語義,即,有著更高腹部脂肪的中年人。本題答案為A項(xiàng)

10. 【答案】C(scored)
【解析】語境題。比較各選項(xiàng)語義,A項(xiàng)lived(生活),B項(xiàng)managed(管理),C項(xiàng)scored(得分)和D項(xiàng)played(玩耍),可知,C項(xiàng)scored符合原文語義,即,他們發(fā)現(xiàn),有著更多腹部脂肪的中年人,在流動(dòng)智力方面得分較低。本題答案為C項(xiàng)。

11. 【答案】D(went by)
【解析】固定搭配題。借助as the years(隨著年歲……),并比較各選項(xiàng)語義,A項(xiàng)ran out(用完),B項(xiàng)set off(出發(fā)),C項(xiàng)drew in(引誘)和D項(xiàng)went by(時(shí)間逝去),可知,D項(xiàng)went by符合原文語義。本題答案為D項(xiàng)。

12. 【答案】B(attributable)
【解析】語境題。結(jié)合resulted from excess abdominal fat(腹部脂肪過多所致),并比較各選項(xiàng)與介詞to構(gòu)成的搭配,A項(xiàng)superior to(比……好的),B項(xiàng)attributable to(可歸因于……),C項(xiàng)parallel to(與……平行的)和D項(xiàng)resistant to(不受……損害的),可知,B項(xiàng)attributable符合原文語義,即,對(duì)于女性來說,這種關(guān)聯(lián)(腹部脂肪越高,流動(dòng)智力方面的得分越低)可能要?dú)w因于腹部脂肪過多所致的免疫力變化。本題答案為B項(xiàng)。

13. 【答案】C(involved)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。For women與in men提示對(duì)比關(guān)系,借助the association may be 12 to changes in immunity(這種關(guān)聯(lián)可能 12 免疫力變化)可知,C項(xiàng)involved(使成為必然部分,與be連用時(shí),可理解為“與……有關(guān)”)符合原文語義,即,對(duì)男性來說,(這種關(guān)聯(lián))似乎與免疫系統(tǒng)無關(guān);且符合原文邏輯。本題答案為C項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng):A項(xiàng)restored(被恢復(fù)),B項(xiàng)isolated(被孤立)和D項(xiàng)controlled(被控制),均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。

14. 【答案】D(explain)
【解析】語境題。本題考查連接future studies和these differences的動(dòng)詞語義,而these differences是指上句中男性和女性的流動(dòng)智力得分,與腹部脂肪堆積所致的免疫力變化有關(guān)與無關(guān)的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)有研究只發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種區(qū)別,而背后的原因,只能寄希望于未來相關(guān)研究。D項(xiàng)explain(解釋)符合原文語義,即,希望未來研究能解釋這些區(qū)別。本題答案為D項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng):A項(xiàng)alter(改變),B項(xiàng)spread(展開)和C項(xiàng)remove(去掉),均不符合原文語義。

15. 【答案】D(treatments)
【解析】語境題。借助lead to different 15 for men and women(促成針對(duì)女性和男性的不同 15 ),并結(jié)合these differences所指的免疫力與流體智力間二者間的關(guān)聯(lián)在男性和女性中體現(xiàn)不同,可知,D項(xiàng)treatments(療法)符合原文語義,即,或許會(huì)促成針對(duì)女性和男性的不同療法。本題答案為D項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng):A項(xiàng)compensations(補(bǔ)償),B項(xiàng)symptoms(癥狀)和C項(xiàng)demands(要求),均不符合原文語義。

16. 【答案】B(Meanwhile)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。觀察選項(xiàng)可知,本題考查句間邏輯關(guān)系。比較上句與本句發(fā)現(xiàn):從內(nèi)容上說,上句為對(duì)未來研究的期待,本句為目前可采取的措施(steps);從文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)來說,上段為研究結(jié)論,本段為研究帶來的啟示。前后兩句呈現(xiàn)研究的不同方面,體現(xiàn)對(duì)比關(guān)系。觀察選項(xiàng),B項(xiàng)Meanwhile(與此同時(shí))符合原文邏輯關(guān)系,即期待未來進(jìn)一步研究的同時(shí),目前也可以采取一些措施,二者方向不同,但可同時(shí)進(jìn)行。本題答案為B項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng):A項(xiàng)Likewise(同樣地)提示并列關(guān)系,C項(xiàng)Therefore(因此)提示因果關(guān)系,D項(xiàng)Instead(相反地)提示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。

17. 【答案】D(take)
【解析】固定搭配題。take steps(采取措施)為固定搭配,且符合原文語義,即,您可以采取一些措施來幫助減少腹部脂肪并保持瘦肌肉群。本題答案為D項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng):A項(xiàng)change(改變),B項(xiàng)watch(觀察)和C項(xiàng)count(數(shù)),均不能與steps構(gòu)成符合原文語義的固定搭配。

18. 【答案】A(well-being)
【解析】語境題。由protect both your physical and mental …(保護(hù)您身體和心理的……)可知,A項(xiàng)well-being(健康)符合原文語義,即,為了保護(hù)您的身心健康。本題答案為A項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng):B項(xiàng)process(過程),C項(xiàng)formation(形成)和D項(xiàng)coordination(協(xié)調(diào)),均不符合原文語義。

19. 【答案】A(level)
【解析】語境題。結(jié)合aerobic exercise(有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)),并比較各選項(xiàng),A項(xiàng)level(水平),B項(xiàng)love(熱愛),C項(xiàng)knowledge(知識(shí))和D項(xiàng)space(空間),可知,A項(xiàng)符合原文語義,即,維持或提高有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)水平。本題答案為A項(xiàng)。

20. 【答案】C(diet)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。and提示并列,借助exercise(鍛煉),并結(jié)合空格后high in fiber(高纖維)和eliminates highly processed foods(去除高度加工的食品),可知,C項(xiàng)diet(日常飲食)符合原文邏輯,即,兩種強(qiáng)烈推薦的生活方式分別為:維持或提高有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)水平,以及遵循高纖維、去除高度加工食品的地中海式飲食習(xí)慣。本題答案為C項(xiàng)。
干擾選項(xiàng):A項(xiàng)design(設(shè)計(jì)),B項(xiàng)routine(常規(guī))和D項(xiàng)prescription(藥方),均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)
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