2022年全國研究生考試已經進入最后的備戰時期,英語向來是歷年考試的重頭戲,大家現在開始刷題了嗎?今天為大家整理了2021年考研英語一的真題以及答案詳解,各位考生快來加入刷題大軍中吧。由于試卷內容冗長,下面是完形填空部分的考試真題及答案,其他部分持續更新哦。
2021年英語一真題及答案(一)
完型填空試題 Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be. One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline. The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11 . For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13 . It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women. 16 , there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 . The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods. 1. [A] pauses [B] returns [C] peaks [D] fades 2. [A] alternatively [B]formally [C]accidentally [D] generally 3. [A] while [B] since [C] once [D] until 4. [A] detection [B] accumulation [C] consumption [D] separation 5. [A] possibility [B] decision [C] goal [D] requirement 6. [A] delay [B] ensure [C] seek [D] utilize 7. [A] modified [B] supported [C] included [D] predicted 8. [A] devoted [B] compared [C] converted [D] applied 9. [A] with [B] above [C] by [D] against 10. [A] lived [B] managed [C] scored [D] played 11. [A] ran out [B] set off [C] drew in [D] went by 12. [A] superior [B] attributable [C] parallel [D] resistant 13. [A] restored [B] isolated [C] involved [D] controlled 14. [A] alter [B] spread [C] remove [D] explain 15. [A] compensations [B] symptoms [C] demands [D] treatments 16. [A] Likewise [B] Meanwhile [C] Therefore [D] Instead 17. [A] change [B] watch [C] count [D] take 18. [A] well-being [B] process [C] formation [D] coordination 19. [A] level [B] love [C] knowledge [D] space 20. [A] design [B] routine [C] diet [D] prescription
答案
1. 【答案】C(peaks) 【解析】邏輯關系題。and then提示順承,借助slowly decline(慢慢下降)可知,C項peaks(達到最高點)符合原文邏輯關系,即流動智力在成年早期達到峰值,之后很長一段時間趨于穩定,之后隨著年齡增長,慢慢下降。本題答案為C項。 干擾選項:A項pauses(暫停),B項returns(返回)和D項fades(逐漸消失),均不符合原文邏輯關系。
2. 【答案】D(generally) 【解析】語境題。比較各選項語義,A項 alternatively(二者擇一地),B項formally(形式上地),C項accidentally(偶然地)和D項generally(通常),其中,D項generally(通常)最符合原文語義。本題答案為D項。
3. 【答案】A(while) 【解析】邏輯關系題。觀察選項可知,本題考查句內邏輯關系,比較aging is inevitable和scientists are finding out that … may not be可知,inevitable和may not be提示語義相反,即“衰老不可避免”,與“科學家們發現大腦功能的某些變化可能并非不可避免”二者語義相反。A項while(盡管)提示讓步,符合原文邏輯關系。本題答案為A項。 干擾選項:B項since(由于)提示因果關系,C項once(一旦)提示條件關系,D項until(到……為止)提示順承關系,均不符合原文邏輯關系。
4. 【答案】B(accumulation) 【解析】邏輯關系題。and提示并列,muscle loss和the 4 of body fat around the abdomen(腹部脂肪的 4 )互相并列,借助muscle loss(肌肉流失)可知,B項accumulation(積累)符合原文邏輯關系,即,肌肉流失和腹部脂肪堆積。本題答案為B項。 干擾選項:A項detection(偵查),C項consumption(消耗)和D項separation(分離),均不符合原文邏輯關系。
5. 【答案】A(possibility) 【解析】語境題。This指代上句的研究發現,本句繼續介紹研究發現。比較各選項語義,A項possibility(可能性),B項decision(決定),C項goal(目標)和D項requirement(要求),可知,A項possibility符合原文語義,即,這表明生活方式因素可能有助預防這種下降的可能性。本題答案為A項。
6. 【答案】A(delay) 【解析】邏輯關系題。or提示并列,借助prevent(預防)可知,A項delay(延期)符合原文邏輯關系,即預防或延遲流動智力下降。本題答案為A項。 干擾選項:B項ensure(保證),C項seek(尋求)和D項utilize(利用),均不符合原文邏輯關系。
7. 【答案】C(included) 【解析】語境題。本題考查連接data(數據)和measurements(測量結果)的動詞詞義。比較各選項語義,A項modified(修改),B項supported(支持),C項included(包括)和D項predicted(預 測),可知C項included符合原文語義,即研究人員查看了包括4,000多名中老年男性和女性瘦肌肉群和腹部脂肪測量結果的數據。本題答案為C項。
8. 【答案】B(compared)
【解析】邏輯關系題。and提示并列,looked at data和 8 that data to reported changes互相并列,借助looked at(查看)可知,B項compared(比較)符合原文邏輯關系,且能與介詞to構成固定搭配,compare … to…(將……與……相比)。本題答案為B項。 干擾選項:其余各項與介詞to構成固定搭配,A項devoted … to…(把……用于),C項converted … to…(把……轉化為……),D項applied … to…(把……應用于……),均不符合原文邏輯關系。
9. 【答案】A(with) 【解析】固定搭配題。觀察選項可知,本題考查介詞用法。比較各選項,A項with(帶有……),B項above(在……上面),C項by(通過……)和D項against(與……相反),可知,A項with連接higher measures of abdominal fat,作后置定語修飾people,符合原文語義,即,有著更高腹部脂肪的中年人。本題答案為A項
10. 【答案】C(scored) 【解析】語境題。比較各選項語義,A項lived(生活),B項managed(管理),C項scored(得分)和D項played(玩耍),可知,C項scored符合原文語義,即,他們發現,有著更多腹部脂肪的中年人,在流動智力方面得分較低。本題答案為C項。
11. 【答案】D(went by) 【解析】固定搭配題。借助as the years(隨著年歲……),并比較各選項語義,A項ran out(用完),B項set off(出發),C項drew in(引誘)和D項went by(時間逝去),可知,D項went by符合原文語義。本題答案為D項。
12. 【答案】B(attributable) 【解析】語境題。結合resulted from excess abdominal fat(腹部脂肪過多所致),并比較各選項與介詞to構成的搭配,A項superior to(比……好的),B項attributable to(可歸因于……),C項parallel to(與……平行的)和D項resistant to(不受……損害的),可知,B項attributable符合原文語義,即,對于女性來說,這種關聯(腹部脂肪越高,流動智力方面的得分越低)可能要歸因于腹部脂肪過多所致的免疫力變化。本題答案為B項。
13. 【答案】C(involved) 【解析】邏輯關系題。For women與in men提示對比關系,借助the association may be 12 to changes in immunity(這種關聯可能 12 免疫力變化)可知,C項involved(使成為必然部分,與be連用時,可理解為“與……有關”)符合原文語義,即,對男性來說,(這種關聯)似乎與免疫系統無關;且符合原文邏輯。本題答案為C項。 干擾選項:A項restored(被恢復),B項isolated(被孤立)和D項controlled(被控制),均不符合原文邏輯關系。
14. 【答案】D(explain) 【解析】語境題。本題考查連接future studies和these differences的動詞語義,而these differences是指上句中男性和女性的流動智力得分,與腹部脂肪堆積所致的免疫力變化有關與無關的區別。現有研究只發現了這種區別,而背后的原因,只能寄希望于未來相關研究。D項explain(解釋)符合原文語義,即,希望未來研究能解釋這些區別。本題答案為D項。 干擾選項:A項alter(改變),B項spread(展開)和C項remove(去掉),均不符合原文語義。
15. 【答案】D(treatments) 【解析】語境題。借助lead to different 15 for men and women(促成針對女性和男性的不同 15 ),并結合these differences所指的免疫力與流體智力間二者間的關聯在男性和女性中體現不同,可知,D項treatments(療法)符合原文語義,即,或許會促成針對女性和男性的不同療法。本題答案為D項。 干擾選項:A項compensations(補償),B項symptoms(癥狀)和C項demands(要求),均不符合原文語義。
16. 【答案】B(Meanwhile) 【解析】邏輯關系題。觀察選項可知,本題考查句間邏輯關系。比較上句與本句發現:從內容上說,上句為對未來研究的期待,本句為目前可采取的措施(steps);從文章段落結構來說,上段為研究結論,本段為研究帶來的啟示。前后兩句呈現研究的不同方面,體現對比關系。觀察選項,B項Meanwhile(與此同時)符合原文邏輯關系,即期待未來進一步研究的同時,目前也可以采取一些措施,二者方向不同,但可同時進行。本題答案為B項。 干擾選項:A項Likewise(同樣地)提示并列關系,C項Therefore(因此)提示因果關系,D項Instead(相反地)提示轉折關系,均不符合原文邏輯關系。
17. 【答案】D(take) 【解析】固定搭配題。take steps(采取措施)為固定搭配,且符合原文語義,即,您可以采取一些措施來幫助減少腹部脂肪并保持瘦肌肉群。本題答案為D項。 干擾選項:A項change(改變),B項watch(觀察)和C項count(數),均不能與steps構成符合原文語義的固定搭配。
18. 【答案】A(well-being) 【解析】語境題。由protect both your physical and mental …(保護您身體和心理的……)可知,A項well-being(健康)符合原文語義,即,為了保護您的身心健康。本題答案為A項。 干擾選項:B項process(過程),C項formation(形成)和D項coordination(協調),均不符合原文語義。
19. 【答案】A(level) 【解析】語境題。結合aerobic exercise(有氧運動),并比較各選項,A項level(水平),B項love(熱愛),C項knowledge(知識)和D項space(空間),可知,A項符合原文語義,即,維持或提高有氧運動水平。本題答案為A項。
20. 【答案】C(diet) 【解析】邏輯關系題。and提示并列,借助exercise(鍛煉),并結合空格后high in fiber(高纖維)和eliminates highly processed foods(去除高度加工的食品),可知,C項diet(日常飲食)符合原文邏輯,即,兩種強烈推薦的生活方式分別為:維持或提高有氧運動水平,以及遵循高纖維、去除高度加工食品的地中海式飲食習慣。本題答案為C項。 干擾選項:A項design(設計),B項routine(常規)和D項prescription(藥方),均不符合原文邏輯關 |