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2010年北外高翻試卷真題 北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)2010年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試 英漢同聲傳譯專(zhuān)業(yè)試卷 一、將下列短文譯成漢語(yǔ)（25分） The dangers of a population explosion have been all overthe newspapers lately and indeed the world population could reach seven billionin just two years and eight billion perhaps in the next two decades. But that’snot the only story. Dramatic declines in fertility rates in some countries andhigh rates in others pose a critical challenge. One must be reminded that thegrowth of world population — which now stands at an estimated 6.8 billion humaninhabitants — has greatly impacted all life forms and the overall naturalenvironment of the planet.
Although the population of the world continues to grow substantially — 79million per year — the rate of growth has declined by nearly half over the last40 years – from 2 percent to 1.2 percent a year. The cause for the slowdown isdeclining fertility rates. However, while the average global fertility hasdropped from about 5 to 2.6 births per woman during the past 50 years,considerable uncertainty exists about the future. Insofar as fertility isthe engine driving the future size of world population, this uncertainty aboutthe path of fertility in the coming years is one of the central and challengingquestions of this century. (199) 二、將下列文章譯成漢語(yǔ)（50分） President Obama’s recent trip to China reflects asymbiotic relationship at the heart of the global economy: China uses Americanspending power to enlarge its private sector, while America uses Chineselending power to expand its public sector. Yet this arrangement may unravel ina dangerous way, and if it does, the most likely culprit will be Chineseeconomic overcapacity.
Several hundred million Chinese peasants have moved from the countryside to thecities over the last 30 years, in one of the largest, most rapid migrations inhistory. To help make this work, the Chinese government has subsidized itsexporters by pegging the renminbi at an unnaturally low rate to the dollar.This has supported relatively high-paying export jobs; additional subsidieshave included direct credit allocation and preferential treatment for coastalenterprises.
These aren’t the recommended policies you would find in a basic economics text,but it’s hard to argue with success. Most important, it has given many moreChinese a stake in the future of their society. Those same subsidies, however,have spurred excess capacity and created a dangerous political dynamic in whichthese investments have to be propped up at all cost.
China has been building factories and production capacity in virtually everysector of its economy, but it’s not clear that the latest round of investmentswill be profitable anytime soon. Automobiles, steel, semiconductors, cement,aluminum and real estate all show signs of too much capacity. In Shanghai, thecentral business district appears to have high vacancy rates, yet buildingcontinues.
Chinese planners now talk of the need to restrict investment in sectors thatare overflowing with unsold products. The global market is no longer strong,and domestic demand was never enough in the first place. Regional officialshave an incentive to prop up local enterprises and production statistics, evenif that means supporting projects or accounting practices that are notsustainable. (315) 三、將下列短文譯成英語(yǔ)（25分） 由于國(guó)際金融危機(jī)的嚴(yán)重沖擊，我國(guó)外部需求大幅萎縮，產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩矛盾突出，企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)困難，失業(yè)人員增多，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速明顯下滑。中國(guó)政府迅速出臺(tái)擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展的十項(xiàng)措施，全面實(shí)施并不斷豐富完善應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)的一攬子計(jì)劃，在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)扭轉(zhuǎn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑趨勢(shì)。我們還積極發(fā)展與世界各國(guó)的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作與交流，擴(kuò)大商品進(jìn)口、對(duì)外投資和對(duì)外援助，加強(qiáng)同有關(guān)國(guó)家宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)，推動(dòng)國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)和金融體系改革，為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇做出了積極努力。（214） 四、將下列文章譯成英語(yǔ)（50分） 1949年以后，一個(gè)真正的婦女解放過(guò)程開(kāi)始了。這時(shí)男女平等被定為國(guó)策，所有婦女都參加生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)。這件事太偉大了，因?yàn)榫退闶窃谖鞣剑瑡D女對(duì)工作權(quán)、選舉權(quán)的爭(zhēng)取也要經(jīng)過(guò)100多年，但是中國(guó)女性直接就獲得了這些權(quán)利。而且女性參加社會(huì)生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)的比例一下就超過(guò)了很多西方國(guó)家，幾乎是100%的適齡并適合勞動(dòng)的婦女都出來(lái)工作，這應(yīng)該說(shuō)是一個(gè)非常關(guān)鍵的進(jìn)步。 然而，那個(gè)年代有時(shí)是比較極端的。過(guò)于強(qiáng)調(diào)男女都一樣，男性能做到的，女性也能做到，男女之間沒(méi)什么區(qū)別，大家穿同樣的衣服，女孩兒也都不化妝，好像沒(méi)有性別的區(qū)分了。但造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因是過(guò)去女性的地位太低，轉(zhuǎn)到這個(gè)階段，女性被抑制的各種方面爆發(fā)了。此時(shí)，女性的地位得到極大提高，但性別差異也被忽略。（309 需要更多幫助請(qǐng)關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào);北外考研網(wǎng) 微信：kaokaohao
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發(fā)表于 2016-4-12 13:31
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