跟齊天大圣攻克英語二語法連載第七天

聽夠珍惜了 · 發表于 2019-2-27 17:07

第十九講：
V-ed:

1.		做定語：	(前置)：(將Ved放在名詞前修飾名詞相當于一個形容詞) Life that has no established aim is miserable. (后置)：（將Ved放在名詞后修飾名詞相當于一個省略了的定語從句) Difficulties mastered are opportunities. = Difficulties which are mastered are opportunities.
2.		做表語：	A man is not finished when he is defeated. He is finished when he quits.
3.		做狀語：	( 只要主句的主語是Ved的承受者，Ved 可以做所有的狀語) Not forgotten, past experience is a guide for the future.
4做插入語：
1	Compared with…,
2	Compared to…,
3	Given…,
4	Given closer analysis,
5	Based on the above factors,
6	Based on the above discussion,
7	Simply stated,
8	Simply put,

第二十講：
虛擬語氣講解
一、虛擬語氣基本用法

①	現在的虛擬：從句 if + 過去時、主句過去將來時 If it had no difficulties in life, it would be too smooth. If there were no clouds, we would not enjoy the sun. If we wanted to love those who have no imperfections, this world would be a desert. If it were not for the rocks in its bed, the stream would have no song.
②	過去的虛擬：從句 if + 過去完成時、主句 should\would\could\+have done If they had not wasted so much time, many persons in the world would have scored achievement.
③	將來的虛擬：從句if + 過去時\were to\should+V、主句過去將來時 If I should summarize the most important principle I have learned in interpersonal skills, it would be this: understand and be understood.
④	交錯式: 從句 if + 過去完成時、主句過去將來時 If we had looked at our past experience, where would we be today?
⑤	虛擬語氣在賓從中的使用：以下這些動詞在后面引導賓從時，賓從中的謂語動詞用should+ V, should可省略。 Drop is C. D: demand desire R: require request O: order P: propose I: insist S: suggest C: command In life, one’s goals may require that one (should) try different approaches. To be successful in life demands that a person (should) make a personal commitment to excellence.
⑥	在表語及同位語從句中的使用：如以下這些抽象名詞引導同位語從句，謂語用should+V, should可省略。如以下這些抽象名詞做主語，謂語用should+V, should可省略。 Demand\request\requirement\insistence\suggestion\proposal\command\recommendation\resolution\urge\prescription\order\desire\determination\direction\advice The suggestion is that to listen effectively, one (should) find meaning in what is being said. The first requirement of good conversation is that others (should) know what is coming next.
⑦	在主語從句中的使用：以下形式主語從句中，謂語用should+V should可省略。 It is demanded that It is desired that It is requested that It is required that It is ordered that It is insisted that It is maintained that It is proposed that It is suggested that It is commanded that It is important that It is vital that It is imperative that It is necessary that It is best that It is proper that It is expedient that It is vital that one (should) choose the right attitude. It is necessary to the happiness that one (should) be faithful to one’s dream.

二、虛擬語氣的特殊用法

⑴	虛擬語氣倒裝: if 條件從句的謂語是were to \ had \ should 時，可以去掉if，將這三個詞放在主語前。 Had they not wasted so much time, many persons in the world would have scored achievement. Should I summarize the most important principle I have learned in interpersonal skills, it would be this: understand and be understood.
⑵	wish + 賓從對現在的虛擬：賓從謂語用過去時對過去的虛擬：賓從謂語用過去完成時對將來的虛擬：賓從謂語用過去將來時
	in order that 和so that 引導的目的狀語從句
⑷	as if +方式狀語從句對現在的虛擬：賓從謂語用過去時對過去的虛擬：賓從謂語用過去完成時對將來的虛擬：賓從謂語用過去將來時
	It’s high\about time that + 定從謂語用 should + V 或過去時。Should永遠不可以省略。
⑹	lest / for fear that / in case引導的目的狀語從句，謂語一般用 should + V
⑺	if only= wish
⑻	表祝愿 May… Long live… God bless… God grant that…
⑼	不用從句用詞組：without, but for, otherwise, or 等。
⑽	正式文體中，主句不虛擬而當條件或讓步狀語從句是“系表結構”時，系動詞用原形。 No lazy man is ever safe, whether he be rich or poor.
⑾	Would rather + 賓從對現在的虛擬：賓從謂語用過去時對過去的虛擬：賓從謂語用過去完成時對將來的虛擬：賓從謂語用過去將來時
⑿	禮貌 I was wondering if you could + V + sth I would be most honored if you did sth?

第二十一講：
倒裝
全部倒裝：把全部謂語放在主語前。

1.	there be 句型（特殊的全部倒裝句型） There is no friend as faithful as a good book.
2.	there \ here \ now \ then 放在句首 Now is the time to take action.
3.	方位狀語開頭 In books are embalmed the greatest thoughts of all ages.
4.	主語與表語互換位置 Happy are those who have dreams.
5.	伴隨狀語開頭（With或Along with放在句首時，句子應該全部倒裝） With confidence and persistence comes success.

部分倒裝：只將情態動詞、助動詞或系動詞放在主語前

1.	only + 單詞、詞組、狀語從句位于句首 Only through education can we rise in the world. Only if you have been in the deepest valley can you ever know how wonderful it is to be on the highest mountain.
2.	以否定意義狀語開頭，部分倒裝 Never \ hardly----when \ no sooner---- than \ scarcely----when--- \ by no means \ under no circumstances Under no circumstances will books desert you.
3.	neither nor開頭 Success is never final. Nor is failure.
4.	so開頭 Success teaches us something about ourselves. So does failure.
5.	always \ often \ particularly \ many times \ many a time 放在句首時 Always am I amazed when I　hear people say that money talks.
6.	虛擬語氣（特殊）
7.	讓步狀語從句：由though 或as 引導時可用倒裝，將表語放在句子最前面。
8.	so that 引導的結果狀語從句 So wonderful is youth that it is a crime to waste it.

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跟齊天大圣攻克英語二語法連載第七天

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