跟齊天大圣攻克英語二語法連載第六天

聽夠珍惜了 · 發表于 2019-2-27 16:59

第十六講：
狀語從句講解
㈠時間狀語從句
通常有下列連詞引導: when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, since, as soon as, the moment, the instant, the minute, the second, every time, each time。

1.	When a person feels encouraged, he can face the impossible.
2.	Every time you help somebody else, you help yourself.

㈡地點狀語從句
通常由下列連詞引導: where, wherever, no matter where, everywhere, anywhere。

1.	Your liberty to swing your arms ends where my nose begins.
2.	Where there is smoke, there is fire.

㈢條件狀語從句
通常由下列連詞引導: if, unless, suppose, supposing, provided, providing, on condition that, as long as, in case, once, assuming, so long as。

1.	If one thinks small, he will stay small.
2.	All dreams are of no value unless they are followed by action.
3.	As long as the world lasts, there will be mistakes.

㈣原因狀語從句
通常由下列連詞引導: because, as, since, now that, not that…but that, in that, considering that。

1.	People are lonely because they build walls instead of bridges.
2.	When I was young, I admired people with wealth. Now that I am mature, I admire people with wisdom.

㈤結果狀語從句
通常由下列連詞引導: so…that…, such…that…, so that。

1.	I like to see a man live, so that his country will be proud of him.
2.	Youth is so wonderful that it is a crime to waste it

㈥目的狀語從句
通常由下列連詞引導: so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that。

1.	We should greet each new day with a plan so that the high road upon which we travel could be marked well.
2.	Be helpful to those on their way up, in case you should need them on your way down.

㈦讓步狀語從句
通常由下列連詞引導: although, though, as, even if, even though, whatever, no matter (how, what, where, when) , while, whether, whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however。

1.	Although the world is full of suffering, they can always be overcome.
2.	While winning is not everything, trying to win is everything.
3.	No matter how much we have learned, there is always more to learn.

㈧方式狀語從句
通常由下列連詞引導: as, as if, as though, in the way that, in the same way that, in the manner that, in the same manner that。

1.	If we couldn’t do as we would, we should do as we can.
2.	Look at everything as though you were seeing it either for the first time or last time.

㈨比較狀語從句
通常由下列連詞引導: as…as， than, not so… as， the…the…。

1.	Wisdom is more precious than wealth.
2.	The more we study, the more we discover our ignorance.

第十七講：
A.不定式由不定式符號to加動詞原形構成，及物動詞的不定式可以帶賓語。不定式的否定結構是在to前面加上not.不定式在句中可以做除了謂語外的任何成分。
⑴（主）
To love is the most beautiful word in the world.
To err is human.
不定式做主語，可以用it當形式主語，把做主語的不定式短語后置。
It is enough to have one close friend in one’s life.
It is no exaggeration to say that friendship is to people what sunlight is to flowers.
⑵（賓）
We resolve to make a dull job interesting.
Never intend to know everything, or you will know nothing.
下面的動詞常常可加不定式做賓語

attempt	企圖	enable	能夠
afford	負擔得起	neglect	忽視
demand	要求	long	渴望
arrange	安排	destine	注定
mean	意欲，打算	begin	開始
expect	期望	omit	忽略，漏
appear	似乎，顯得	determine	決定
manage	設法	cease	停止
ask	問	hate	憎恨，厭惡
pretend	假裝	dread	害怕
need	需要	agree	同意
desire	愿望	love	愛
swear	宣誓	volunteer	志愿
wish	希望	bear	承受
endeavor	努力	offer	自愿
beg	請求	fail	不能
plan	計劃	bother	擾亂；煩惱
forget	忘記	prefer	喜歡，寧愿
care	關心，喜歡	happen	碰巧
prepare	準備	decide	決定
learn	學習	regret	抱歉，遺憾
choose	選擇	hesitate	猶豫
profess	表明	claim	要求
hope	希望	promise	承諾，允許
start	開始	undertake	承接
want	想要	consent	同意，贊同
intend	想要	refuse	拒絕
decide	決定	learn	學習
vow	起	contrive	設法，圖謀
incline	有…傾向	propose	提議
seek	找，尋覓	Try	試圖

⑶（表）
The most important thing is to have a code of life.
Faith is to believe what you do not see and the reward for this is to see what you believe.
⑷（后置定語）
The deepest urge in human nature is the desire to be important.
The important thing in life is the determination to attain a great aim.
下面的名詞常常可加不定式做定語

ability	能力，本領	drive	驅動
movement	運動，活動	ambition	抱負，野心
effort	努力，嘗試	need	需要，需求
campaign	戰役，運動	failure	失敗
opportunity	機會	chance	機會
force	力，壓力，要點	promise	許諾，希望
courage	勇氣	intention	意向，意圖
reason	理由，原因	decision	決定
method	方法，方式	determination	決心，決定
motive	動機，目的	struggle	奮斗，努力
tendency	傾向，趨勢	wish	希望，愿望，祝愿

⑸（狀）
To achieve happiness, we should make sure that we are never without an important goal.
Lift a stone only to drop it on your own feet..
Life is too short to worry about everything.

⑹ （主補）
Time is often said to be money.
Positive thinking is considered to be an essential factor of success.
⑺ (賓補)
Difficulties train one to be great.
When you want the present to be better than the past, it is time to learn from the past.
下面的動詞習慣于用不定式做賓補：動詞+賓語+動詞不定式

ask	要求，邀請	Get	請，得到
prompt	促使	allow	允許
forbid	禁止	prefer	喜歡，寧愿
announce	宣布	force	強迫
press	迫使	bride	收買
inspire	鼓舞	request	請求
assist	協助	Hate	憎惡
pronounce	斷定，表示	advise	勸告
exhort	告誡，勉勵	Pray	請求
authorize	授權，委托	Help	幫助
recommend	勸告，推薦	Bear	容忍
implore	懇求	remind	提醒
beg	請求	induce	引誘
report	報告	compel	強迫
invite	吸引，邀請	summon	傳喚
command	命令	intend	想要，企圖
show	顯示	drive	驅趕
mean	意欲，打算	train	訓練
cause	引起	instruct	指示
require	要求	deserve	應受
direct	指導	leave	使，讓
tell	告訴	Like	喜歡
tempt	勸誘	entitle	有資格
order	命令	Warn	告誡
enable	使能夠	Need	需要
urge	激勵，力說	encourage	鼓勵
oblige	不得不	Want	想要
condemn	指責，譴責	Lead	引起，使得
teach	教	entreat	懇求
permit	允許	Wish	希望

⑻ 插入語：

英語中常用的不定式做插入語：
1	To start with,	2	To begin with,
3	To sum up,	4	To conclude,
5	To summarize,	6	To be brief,
7	To be short,	8	To illustrate,
9	To be honest,	10	To be fair,
11	To be sure,	12	To be true,
13	Sad to say,	14	So to speak,
15	To make matters worse,	16	To make things worse,
17	That is to say,	18	Needless to say,
19	Strange to say,	20	To tell the truth,
21	To put it like this,	22	To put it differently,
23	To put it from another way,	24	To be exact,
25	To be precise,	26	not to mention…
27	to name just a few.	28	to name but a few.

(9) 不帶to的不定式:

1）	在表示生理感覺的動詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有:
	feel 覺得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear聽到 watch注視 listen to聽	perceive察覺，感知 notice注意 see看見 look at看 hear聽
2)	另一類是某些使役動詞，如make, let，have等。
3)	在動詞find與help之后，不定式可帶to亦可不帶to。

Every bird loves to hear himself sing.
Take your way. Let the world talk!
Working can help one (to) create a rich and balanced life.
(10) 不定式的時態和語態

時態\語態	主動	被動
一般式	to do	to be done
進行式	to be doing
完成式	to have done	to have been done
完成進行式	to have been doing

A不定式的時態

1)	現在時：一般現在時表示的動詞，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生，有時發生在謂語動詞的動作之后。
2)	完成時：表示的動作發生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。
3)	進行時：表示動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。
4)	完成進行時：動作的持續性。

B不定式的語態
(一般式：to be done；完成式：to have been done)。
(11)不定式的復合結構
It is good for one to have self-knowledge.
It is possible for everybody to be successful.
Confidence makes it easy for one to achieve the goal.
The secret of success is for one to be ready for the opportunity when it comes.
All adversity is really an opportunity for us to grow.
For things to change, one has to change.
（12）關系代詞或副詞加不定式
How to act in this changing world is a real challenge.
Experience tells one what to do and confidence helps one do it.

第十八講：
B. V-ing:

1		做主語： Having a goal in itself is a state of happiness. It is no good learning without practice.
2		做賓語： Change requires taking the right direction. Life consists not in holding good cards, but in playing them well. 以下動詞常常加doing做賓語:
		acknowledge		承認，自認	confess	坦白
		cease		停止	tolerate	忍受
		mention		說到，講到	avoid	避免
		admit		承認	contemplate	細想
		dislike		不喜歡，討厭	endure	忍受
		advocate：		提倡，主張	complete	完成
		dread		害怕	appreciate	感激，欣賞
		enjoy		喜愛	bear	忍受
		defer		拖延	envy	嫉妒
		can't help		不禁	delay	延遲
		escape		逃跑，逃避	can't stand	受不了
		deny		否認	excuse	借口
		consider		考慮	detest	嫌惡
		fancy		幻想，愛好	favor	偏愛
		mind		介意	repent	悔悟
		figure		描繪	miss	錯過
		resent		怨恨	finish	完成
		pardon		原諒，饒恕	resist	抵抗，阻止
		forgive		原諒	permit	允許
		resume		恢復	imagine	設想
		postpone		延遲，延期	risk	冒險
		involve		卷入，包含	practice	實行，實踐
		suggest		建議	hate	討厭
		prevent		阻止	save	省錢
		keep		保持	quit	放棄
		stand		堅持，忍受	loathe	厭惡
		recall		回想
	3		做表語： Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum. The subject of life is making choices.
	4		做定語： The starting point of all achievements is desire. Every failure can be a stepping stone to something better.
	5		做狀語： ( 只要主句的主語是Ving的發出者，Ving 可以做所有的狀語) Life is like running water, flowing away never to return. Those who take the long view are patient with difficulties, knowing that time often makes impossible possible.
	6		V-ing的時態和語態

		主動語態	被動語態
一般式		Doing	Being done
完成式		Having done	Having been done
7 做插入語： A常規 (一些可以做插入語的副詞后加上Speaking而意思不變)
1	Properly speaking,
2	Generally speaking,
3	Roughly speaking,
4	Precisely speaking,
5	Personally speaking,
6	Strictly speaking,
7	Frankly speaking,
8	Honestly speaking,
9	Emotionally speaking,
10	Psychologically speaking,
B特殊（一些由Ving構成的特殊插入語)
1	Considering…
2	Concerning…
3	Regarding…
4	Respecting…
5	Judging by…
6	Judging from…
7	According to…
8	Speaking of…
9	Talking of…
10	Taking all factors into account,
11	Taking all factors into consideration,
12	Taking all things into account,
13	Taking all things into consideration,

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跟齊天大圣攻克英語二語法連載第六天

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