每個人都不免有一個理想，或為溫飽，或為名利，或為學(xué)問，或為德行，所謂“從其大體者為大人，從其小體者為小人”。這種大小的分別究竟以什么為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)呢？哲學(xué)家們都承認(rèn)：人的最高目的是幸福。但什么才是真的幸福呢？積學(xué)修德可被看成幸福，飽食暖衣也可被看成幸福，誰是誰非？我們從人的觀點來說，人之所以高貴于禽獸者在于他的心靈。人如果要充分地表現(xiàn)他的人性，必須充實他的心靈生活。幸福是一種享受，人既有了肉體，即不能沒有肉體的享受。所以我們不必如禁欲主義的清教徒般不近人情，但我們也須明白：肉體的享受不是人類最上的享受，而是人類與雞豚狗彘所共有的。人類最上的享受是心靈的享受，學(xué)問、藝術(shù)、道德都是心靈的活動，人如果在這三方面達(dá)到最高的境界，同時也就達(dá)到了最幸福的境界。
Unavoidably everyone has an ideal。Whether he pursues enough food and clothes，fame，social status，knowledge，moral and career success，or he seeks good wine，beautiful ladies and the pleasure of vulgar games。As a Chinese saying goes，noble men yearn for spiritual pleasure，mean men，for physical pleasure。What at all is the standard for this？All philosophers admit that the highestpurpose of life is to be happy。But what is true happiness？there is a variety of answers。The pursuit of learning and moral can bedeemed happiness，while having enough to eat and wear alsocan be taken as happiness。of this two cases，which one is right？viewed in the perspective of human，the reason that makes human nobler than other animalsis that man have heart。If one wants to fully display human nature，he must enrich his spiritual life。Happiness is a kind of pleasure，both mentally and physically。As we have physical body，we cannot be deprived of physical pleasure。There is no need to be as inflexible as Puritans who believe inasceticism。We must remember that our supremecontentment is the pleasure of spirit rather than the physical pleasure ，which is shared by all animal includinghuman beings。However，what does spiritual pleasure encompass？the three values of truth，kindness and beauty mentioned above。Knowledge，art and morality ，without exception，all are the activities of spirit。If one could reach the highest state interms of the three values，at the same time he comes to the state of being happy。
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發(fā)表于 2013-12-26 23:24
