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英語MA包含了兩門專業課（ 623 英語水平考試+801 英語寫作與翻譯）
623 英語水平考試包含的題型是完形填空+短文改錯+ 詞匯辨析+閱讀理解。801 英語寫作與翻譯包含的題型是中譯英+英譯中+ summary+寫作。今天著重講解623的完形填空+801的Summary。
623 英語水平考試 學姐說 做cloze不能只憑感覺做題。錯誤的做題程序：按照題目順序，邊讀邊做。 1）正確的做題程序： Step1、通讀全文，了解這篇文章在說什么主題，腦海中形成畫面感。 Step 2、標出所給單詞的詞性，若有的單詞有多種詞性，也要標注出來，比如說“type”,它可以做名詞，意為“類型”，也可以做動詞，意為“打字” Step 3、把所給介詞單獨列出來。理由是：介詞往往有固定搭配，容易選出來。 Step4、正式做題時，一旦確定了一個空，就立刻把對應的單詞劃掉，避免影響接下來的判斷。 Step5、做完之后，再重頭讀一遍。（精細地讀，檢查是否有遺漏的空） 2）做cloze的總體規則：通過已有的信息去發掘未知的信息；通過對已知信息歸類、分析、最后總結出最有關聯的信息。 3）cloze上下段，上下句之間的邏輯關系歸納如下： a) 并列：標志詞：and; and also; or; neither nor; either or; in the same way; that is to say; similarly; likewise; equally；并列這種邏輯關系在cloze中更多的表現為不轉折的意思。 b) 轉折：標志詞：but; however; on the contrary; by contrast; on the other hand; unfortunately; nevertheless； c) 遞進：標志詞：then; besides; in addition to; additionally; further more; what is more; moreover； d) 因果：標志詞：because; for; since: now that; as; therefore; consequently; hence; so; accordingly； e) 讓步：標志詞：although; though; even though; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of；
舉例
The earliest schemes for financial support in old age were pegged to life expectancy.
In 1881 Otto von Bismarck, the 1._____minister president of Prussia, presented a radical idea to the Reichstag: government-run financial support for older members of society. In other words, 2._____. The idea was radical because back then, people simply did not 3._____. If you were alive, you worked—probably on a farm—or, if you were wealthier, managed a farm or larger 4._____.
However, von Bismarck was 5._____pressure, from socialist 6._____, to do better by the people in his country, and so he 7._____ to the Reichstag that “those who are disabled from work by age and 8._____have a 9._____ claim to care from the state.” It would take eight years, but by the end of the decade, the German government would create a retirement system, which 10._____for citizens over the age of 70—if they lived that 11.__________. This was a big “if,” at the time. That retirement age just about aligned with life expectancy in Germany then. Even with retirement, most people still worked until they 12._____.There were 13._____though. Military pensions had long been given to soldiers who had 14. their lives (though those pensions didn’t 15. mean they could stop working altogether). In the United States, 16._____in the mid-1800s, certain municipal 17.___--firefighters, cops, teachers,mostly in big cities-started18.___public pensions, too, and in 1875, the American Express Company started 19. private pensions. By the 1920s, a variety of American industries, from railroads to oil to banking, were promising their workers some sort of support for their 20._____years.
Most of these pension programs 21._____the retirement age to 65. This mark had less to do with health and more with economics—workers could keep on trucking for years, and “old age” didn’t necessarily mean 22._____health. (There was some research, however, that 23._____a decline in mental capabilities starting around age 60. Conventional wisdom held, too, that by 60 a man had 24._____done his best work and should give way to the next generation.) When the federal government started creating 25._____would become social security, some of the policies suggested would have had workers off the 26.____at 60, or even earlier. The economics of that didn’t quite work, though, and so when the Social Security Act was passed in 1935, the official retirement age was 65. Life expectancy for American men was around 58 at the time.
Almost immediately after that, though, that balance changed. The Depression ended, and wealth and better medicine meant that in the post-war 27._____, Americans started to live longer. By 1960, life expectancy in America was almost 70 years. All of a sudden more people were living past the age where they had 28._____to stop working and the money to do it. Finally, they began to retire in large 29._____—to stop working, to embrace 30._____, to golf. For a few decades, older Americans lived without working, enough that we’ve come to expect that we should be able to retire, even if that may no longer be financially possible for many.
答案 1.conservative 2.retirement 3.retire 4.estate 5.under 6.opponents 7.argued 8.invalidity 9.well-grounded 10.provided 11.long 12.died 13.exceptions 14.risked 15.necessarily 6.starting 17.employees 18.receiving 19.offering 20.later 21.pegged 22.bad 23.documented 24.certainly 25.what 26.clock 27.boom 28.permission 29.numbers 30.leisure
801 英語寫作與翻譯 學姐說 ① 動筆之前，一定要認真仔細地閱讀所給原文，弄懂原文大意，掌握原文要點。 ② 摘要的長度一般是原文的三分之一或四分之一，考試時應遵守規定的字數限制。 ③ 在做摘要時考生切忌照搬原文，而是在原文內容和信息的基礎上的提煉和升華。 ④ 摘要應與原文的觀點保持一致，既不可篡改原文內容也不能包括原文未涉及到的內容，更不能主觀地把自己的想法寫進概要，因此不能出現“I believe”，“I think”和“I see”等字句。 ⑤ 重點反映主要觀點，刪除細節。但是要求簡潔并不意味著可以隨意刪除原文中的要點，也不意味著可以破壞概要的連貫，使意義表達模糊不清。 ⑥ 簡化內容，使用簡單易懂的詞語代替抽象高級的詞語，盡可能將從句簡化，用簡短的語句代替冗長的語句。一般會刪除直接引語的對話，如需保留涉及情節發展的對話，則要把對話變成間接引語。 ⑦ 寫概要時還要注意時態和人稱。在大多數情況下，原文用什么時態，我們就用什么時態。較為正式的概要應該使用第三人稱來寫。 ⑧檢查與修改時，重點檢查是否遺漏了原文的要點或包含了細節。
練習 Directions: Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 80 words. （一） We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled（復雜） and evasive（逃避） attitudes about death, despite the great distance we have come in understanding some of the profound aspects of biology. We have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it; it is an indelicacy（粗俗）, like talking in mixed company about venereal disease or abortion in the old days. Death on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way: we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war, involving 60 billion volatilized human deaths, as though we were talking about bad weather; we can watch abrupt bloody death every day, in color, on films and television, without blinking back a tear. It is when the numbers of dead are very small, and very close, that we begin to think in scurrying circles. At the very center of the problem is the naked cold deadness of one’s own self, the only reality in nature of which we can have absolute certainty, and it is unmentionable, unthinkable. We may be even less willing to face the issue at first hand than our predecessors because of a secret new hope that maybe it will go away. We like to think, hiding the thought, that with all the marvelous ways in which we seem now to lead nature around by the nose, perhaps we can avoid the central problem if we just become, next year, say, a bit smarter.
答案 People dislike talking about death because they just like their predecessors still have the vaguest ideas of the issue. They talk about death only when millions upon millions of people are killed in war. When they find only very few people die each time and the death rates are almost equal, they become very anxious, thinking that next time they themselves will meet their doom. Therefore, they fear very much. However, they have a hope that when they control nature, they can avoid death. (84 words).
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發表于 2021-9-9 10:10
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