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幾乎每位考研的同學都經(jīng)歷過一個階段——寫畢業(yè)論文。那么畢業(yè)論文用英語應(yīng)該怎么說？article? paper? 還是essay? report?粗略統(tǒng)計過后可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這一類詞匯在歷年考研英語真題中每一個都出現(xiàn)過10-50次。因此，掌握這些高頻詞之間的區(qū)別是十分有必要的。
下面就為大家做一個詳細的總結(jié)，小伙伴們可以直接收藏文章，方便日后查看~
1. composition: a piece of written work that children write at school. could be just 50–100 words, often used for school work（多指學校里老師給學生的作文練習，長度較短）。
Eg. Little Martha did her first composition in school today. It was called ‘My family’. 小瑪莎今天在學校完成了她的第一篇作文。題目是“我的家”。
2. essay: a short piece of writing on one particular subject written by a student. longer than a composition, more serious, hundreds or thousands of words （學生就某門課程、某個題目所寫的論說文，短文。包括考研英語大作文的題目也是要求寫一篇essay。廣義上來講，指任何一種非小說性的，篇幅不長、結(jié)構(gòu)簡練的文章，如論說文、報道、評論、諷刺性雜文等。專業(yè)essay代寫品牌：essay.lxws.net）
Eg. The teacher gave us the title of this week’s essay today. We have to write 1,000 words on the topic of ‘If I ruled the world’ and hand it in next Monday. 今天老師給了我們本周作文的題目。我們必須以“如果我統(tǒng)治了世界”為主題寫1000字，并在下周一交。
3. assignment: a task or piece of work that you are given to do, especially as part of your studies. a long essay, often part of a course, usually thousands of words （布置的作業(yè)、任務(wù)。比essay更長，通常有幾千字）
Eg. At the end of this course, you have to do a 5,000-word assignment which will be assessed, and the grade will contribute to your final grade. 在本課程結(jié)束時，你需要完成一個 5,000 字的作業(yè)并被評估，成績將計入你的期末成績。
4. dissertation: a long formal piece of writing on a particular subject, especially for a university degree. a long, research-based work, perhaps 10–15,000 words, for a degree or diploma. （書面語用詞，指獨立研究后所寫的較為詳細的專題文章，學位論文。）
Eg. I think I’ll do a study of people’s personal banking habits for my MSc dissertation. It has to be about 12,000 words. 我想我會在我的碩士論文中研究人們的個人銀行習慣。它大概需要 12,000 字。
5. thesis: a very long, original, research-based work, perhaps 80–100,000 words, for a higher degree (e.g. PhD) a long piece of writing based on your own ideas and research that you do as part of a university degree, especially a higher degree such as a PhD. （很長，原創(chuàng)，基于研究，闡述學術(shù)觀點的學位論文，通常指博士畢業(yè)論文）
Eg. His PhD thesis was 90,000 words long and was on the history of US place names. 他的博士論文長達 90,000 字，是關(guān)于美國地名的歷史。
6. paper: a long, formal piece of writing about an academic subject. an academic article about a particular subject that is written by and for specialists （正式用詞，多指在學術(shù)刊物上發(fā)表或在學術(shù)會議上宣讀的專題論文，也指高等學校的學期論文，或?qū)W校里的作文練習。）
Eg. He just published a paper in the journal Nature analyzing the fires. 他剛剛在《自然》雜志上發(fā)表了一篇分析火災(zāi)的論文。
7. article: a piece of writing that is published in a newspaper or magazine （多指在報刊、雜志上發(fā)表的非文藝性的文章，包括新聞報導、學術(shù)論文等。）
Eg. According to an article in The Economist the drug could have side effects.《經(jīng)濟學人》雜志上的一篇文章講到這種藥可能有副作用。
8. report: an official document which a group of people issue after investigating a situation or event. （在做對某種情況或事件做調(diào)查后寫出的調(diào)查報告，情況匯報）
Eg. A report by the Association of University Teachers finds that only 22 per cent of lecturers in our universities are women. 大學教師聯(lián)合會發(fā)表的報告發(fā)現(xiàn)只有22%的大學講師為女性。
對這8個詞有了深入了解后，在真題中讀到它，就再也不是囫圇式地一帶而過，而是能做到還未看到后文內(nèi)容，就已經(jīng)對接下來是一篇什么樣的文章有了大致判斷。在日常寫作練習中，也可以將其使用的更加準確、恰當。對于即將出國留學的同學們來說，也能更清楚的了解作業(yè)要求，拿到好的分數(shù)。
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發(fā)表于 2021-8-26 10:22
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