跟齊天大圣攻克英語二語法連載第五天

聽夠珍惜了

第十三講：
表語從句：
（一）以下這些引導(dǎo)詞通常可以引導(dǎo)表從：that \ whether\ what\ where\ how\ why\ when
⑴That
The only certainty is that nothing is certain.
⑵Whether
The test of our progress is whether we can provide enough for those who have too little.
⑶What
Purpose is what gives life meaning.
The future isn’t what it used to be.
Success is what I’m dying for.
⑷Where
Your big opportunity may be right where you are.
⑸How
Sharing is how we express love.
⑹Why
That’s why we say attitude is everything.
⑺When
The biggest victory is when we recognize that we ought to control our thoughts.
㈡表語從句拓展句型

表語從句是英語寫作中非常常用的一種從句，可構(gòu)成各種句型。
The first thing to be mentioned is that
Another point to be considered is that
The last thing to be shown is that
The first advantage of (doing) something is that
Another advantage of (doing) something is that
The third advantage of (doing) something is that
The first disadvantage of (doing) something is that
Another disadvantage of (doing) something is that
The third disadvantage of (doing) something is that
The first possible reason is that
Another cause is that
The third element is that
The first measure to be taken is that
Another solution is that
The third step is that
That is why
Why…is that…
A hot topic discussed by people is whether
A is to B what C is to D
A is to B as C is to D
My view is that…

第十四講：
同位語從句：
同位語從句一般只由that來引導(dǎo)
We should care for each other in the knowledge that we are more alike than we are different.
We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.

第十五講：
定語從句講解
在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句是定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句必須放在先行詞的后面。定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose和關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有兩個作用: 1 把主句與從句連接起來 2 在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一定的句子成分。關(guān)系代詞在從句中可做主語,賓語,表語,定語;關(guān)系副詞在從句中只能做狀語。
（一）定從引導(dǎo)詞
⑴由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

	①	who先行詞是人，在定從中可以做主語或賓語         The man who has no inner life is miserable.
	②	which 先行詞必須是物，在定從中可以做主語或賓語         Love is the key which opens the gate of happiness.
	③	that 先行詞既可是人，又可是物，在定從中做主語或賓語         To live is an art that everyone must learn.
	④	whom 先行詞是人，在定從中做賓語         It is unwise to make friends with those whom one does not know well.
	⑤	whose 先行詞既可是人，又可是物，在定從中做定語         Success is a journey whose initial step is always tough.

⑵關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定從，where\why \ when 這三個詞在定從中做狀語，后面加一個完整句。

1.	There will be moments in life when one is presented with new options.
2.	Work is the place where happiness lives.
3.	Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they are not doing well.

㈡ 定從分類：

	?	限制性定從：由一個定從直接加在先行詞后，無逗號隔開，去掉后影響整句的意思。         Success is a process that begins from within.         Passion is any emotion that moves you.
	?	非限制性定從：與主句之間用逗號隔開，去掉后不影響整句的意思。         The youth need to have ambition and dreams, which are vital.         The youth need to have ambition and dreams, which is vital.

㈢ 介詞提前放在引導(dǎo)詞前共有如下三種情況：

	①	定從中的某介詞的需要：         Experience is a school which you will never graduate from.         Experience is a school from which you will never graduate.         Honesty is the foundation which many other qualities are based on.         Honesty is the foundation on which many other qualities are based.
	②	先行詞決定：         Each of us has a purpose for which we were created.
	③	由句意決定：         Kindness is the golden chain by which society is bound together.         Life is a flower of which love is the honey.

(四) 只可用關(guān)系代詞that的幾種情況。

	1.	先行詞為all， everything， nothing， something， anything， little， few， much等不定代詞時。         All that glitters is not gold.
	2.	先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。         Attitude is the first quality that marks the successful man.
	3.	先行詞被the only，the very， the last等修飾時。         To face fear is the only method that really works.

(五) 只可用which 而不用that 的幾種情況

	1.	在非限定性定語從句中，只宜用which, 不宜用that。         One may go wrong in many different ways, but right only in one, which is why it is easy to fail and difficult to succeed.
	2.	關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞的時候 。         Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows his image.