英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的出題思路

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英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的出題思路
        出題思路也就是考點(diǎn)，指的是出題人在文章段落中哪些地方設(shè)計(jì)了考題。我們?cè)?jīng)講過(guò)閱讀=逆向?qū)懽鳎覀兤綍r(shí)讀書(shū)讀報(bào)就是把文章的提綱提煉出來(lái)，同樣道理英語(yǔ)閱讀理解也是要通過(guò)文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)理解文章內(nèi)容，文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)也就是出題的依據(jù)。我們以下列真題為例分析一下常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)與文章結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系。我們?cè)诤竺娴募?xì)節(jié)題、推理題、例證題、主旨題和態(tài)度題中會(huì)更為詳盡地論述這種關(guān)系。
1  轉(zhuǎn)折后出題
轉(zhuǎn)折是非常重要的段落結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)折表示作者寫(xiě)作意圖的轉(zhuǎn)變。轉(zhuǎn)折以后才是作者真正要強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。因此轉(zhuǎn)折是出現(xiàn)最多的出題點(diǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)折后必出題、必是正確答案的指向。
不僅是轉(zhuǎn)折，而且讓步也表示轉(zhuǎn)折含義。例如：雖然……但是、盡管……但是，這些在中文表達(dá)上都有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義，英語(yǔ)表達(dá)上受限于語(yǔ)法限制不能出現(xiàn)but。
【例2-21】
2009年MBA\MPA\MPAcc聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)真題
Henric Ibsen, author of the play"A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003. But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or face the legal consequences——which could include being dissolved.
A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to ______.
[A] pay a heavy fine
[B] close down its business
[C] change to a private business
[D] sign a document promising to act
【解析】
題干畫(huà)線的public company和 new law可以在原文找到對(duì)應(yīng)，但是fail沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)。需要找到原文中表示否定的詞對(duì)fail做同義替換。原文obey the law之后用了but句型，表示轉(zhuǎn)折也就是否定but之前的觀點(diǎn)。因此該題出題點(diǎn)在but轉(zhuǎn)折之后。
【例2-22】
2008年MBA\MPA\MPAcc聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)真題
Some are skeptical. Steven Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems: over 60% of children are in homes without fathers. The school system, taken over by the state in 1995, is a mess. But there is also some cause for hope. Since Mr. Booker was elected, there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development. Only around 7% of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark; now, a year, the figure is 30%. Mr. Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime. So far this year, crime has fallen 11% and shootings are down 30%(through the murder rate looks likely to match last year's high).
Mayor Booker's effort against crime seem to be_______.
[A] idealistic      [B] impractical      [C] effective      [D] fruitless
【解析】
題干畫(huà)線的Mayor Booker's effort against crime對(duì)應(yīng)原文的Mr. Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime，出題點(diǎn)在原文but轉(zhuǎn)折之后。
2  并列處出題
【例2-23】
2010年MBA\MPA\MPAcc聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)真題
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.
From the principles of the US jury system,we learn that ______.
[A] both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries
[B] defendants are immune from trial by their peers
[C] no age limit should be imposed for jury service
[D] judgment should consider the opinion of the public
【解析】
題干畫(huà)線的the principles of the US jury system可以在原文找到對(duì)應(yīng)。后面斜體部分用連續(xù)的分號(hào)表示并列關(guān)系，并且4個(gè)選項(xiàng)黑斜體的定位詞都可以在并列處找到對(duì)應(yīng)，因此出題點(diǎn)在并列處。
【例2-24】
2009年MBA\MPA\MPAcc聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)真題
The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is, apparently, the "transformational leadership pattern". Anyone allergic(反感) to management term will already be running for the exit, but Mr. Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadership into a single, slim volume. He examines different approaches to leadership, the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effectiveness of a particular leader. There are plenty of anecdotes and examples, both historical and contemporary, political and corporate.
In his book the Powers to lead, Mr.Nye has examined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_____.
[A] authority      [B] context      [C] approaches      [D] morality
【解析】
題干畫(huà)線的the Powers to lead和examine可以在原文找到對(duì)應(yīng)。后面斜體部分用___, ___and___句式表示并列關(guān)系，并且3個(gè)選項(xiàng)黑斜體的定位詞都可以在并列處找到對(duì)應(yīng)，因此出題點(diǎn)在并列處。
3  因果處出題
【例2-25】
2011年MBA\MPA\MPAcc聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)真題
Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.
The debate over the EU's single currency is stuck because the dominant powers          .
[A] are competing for the leading position
[B] are busy handling their own crises
[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization
[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration
【例2-26】
2009年MBA\MPA\MPAcc聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)真題
Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25~35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies——they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience.
The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to______.
[A] the small number of qualified females in management
[B] the over-recruitment of female managers in public companies
[C] the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions
[D] the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles
2.4.4  例證處出題
【例2-27】
2010年MBA\MPA\MPAcc聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)真題
But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other anti-discrimination laws.
The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed ______.
[A] the inadequacy of antidiscriminatation laws
[B] the prevalent discrimination against certain races
[C] the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures
[D] the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges
【例2-28】
2009年MBA\MPA\MPAcc聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)真題
Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad. Take colleen, for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. "I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day."
"When John found out about my secret savings, he was a little suspicious of my motives. I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund and that I feel very secure in our relationship. I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future. It is sensible to build and protect your personal financial security."
The author mentions Colleen' example to show______.
[A] she is a unique woman
[B] she was once divorced
[C] she is going to retire
[D] she has many children


源自機(jī)工版《2012年MBA、MPA、MPAcc聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破》