精華0
威望56
K幣49 元
注冊時(shí)間2007-3-18
在線時(shí)間83 小時(shí)
最后登錄2011-12-6
一般戰(zhàn)友
- 精華
- 0
- 威望
- 56
- K幣
- 49 元
- 注冊時(shí)間
- 2007-3-18
|
對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
2009年碩士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試初試試題
考試科目：815經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)綜合
一、 單項(xiàng)選擇〔每小題1分，共10分〕
〔〕1. 如果玉米是豬的一種飼料，則對玉米市場的最低限價(jià)會導(dǎo)致＿＿。
A．玉米需求減少，價(jià)格下降 B. 玉米價(jià)格上升，豬肉供給量減少
C．豬肉供給減少，價(jià)格上漲 D. 豬肉需求減少，價(jià)格下降
〔〕2. 電影票的市場需求為Q＝500－10 P,如果電影票的價(jià)格為30元/張，市場的消費(fèi)者剩余等于＿＿。
A. 1000元 B. 2000元
C. 4000元 D. 6000元
〔〕3. 在完全競爭市場中，只有符合＿＿條件的產(chǎn)量才是短期中利潤最大化的產(chǎn)量。
A. P＝SMC,且SMC＞SAC B. P＝SMC,且SMC＜SAC
C. P＝SMC,且SMC遞增 D. P＝SMC,且SMC遞減
〔〕4. 某產(chǎn)品的市場需求函數(shù)為Q ＝200－10 P，當(dāng)產(chǎn)品定價(jià)為12元時(shí)，根據(jù)勒納的壟斷勢力度指標(biāo)，可知該產(chǎn)品的邊際成本為＿＿元。
A. 2 B. 4
C. 8 D. 10
〔〕5. 壟斷競爭廠商在長期均衡條件下＿＿。
A. 超額利潤為零
B. 價(jià)格高于邊際成本
C. 在均衡點(diǎn)上主觀需求曲線的彈性大于實(shí)際需求曲線的彈性
D. 以上說法均正確
〔〕6. 貨幣乘數(shù)的大?。撸?。
A. 不受中央銀行行為的影響
B. 隨著高能貨幣的減少而減少
C. 隨著通貨—存款比率的下降而下降
D. 隨著準(zhǔn)備金比率的下降而上升
〔〕7. 根據(jù)永久收入消費(fèi)理論，永久收入的邊際消費(fèi)傾向應(yīng)該＿＿現(xiàn)期收入的邊際消費(fèi)傾向。
A．大于 B. 小于
C. 等于 D. 均有可能
〔〕8. 以下情形中國民收入最多的是＿＿。
A. 政府轉(zhuǎn)移支付增加500億美元 B.儲蓄增加500億美元
C. 政府國防開支增加500億美元 D.個(gè)人所得稅減少250億美元
〔〕9. 許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為輕微的通貨膨脹可以擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)出和就業(yè)，這主要指的是＿＿。
A. 需求拉動(dòng)型通貨膨脹 B. 利潤推動(dòng)型通貨膨脹
C．結(jié)構(gòu)性通貨膨脹 D. 工資推動(dòng)型通貨膨脹
〔〕10. 在解釋工資粘性的內(nèi)部人—外部人模型中，外部人是＿＿。
A.企業(yè)外部已經(jīng)處于失業(yè)的勞動(dòng)者 B. 企業(yè)外部的政府官員
C. 其他企業(yè)中已就業(yè)的工人 D. 企業(yè)內(nèi)部已經(jīng)就業(yè)的工人
二、 判斷下列表述的經(jīng)濟(jì)含義是否正確〔每小題1分，共10分〕
〔〕1. 如果某產(chǎn)品需求曲線向右下方傾斜，則可判定它必為正常品。
〔〕2. 若對某消費(fèi)者來說，貨幣的邊際效用隨收入的增加而遞減，則表明該消費(fèi)者是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
愛好者。
〔〕3. 如果一項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)屬于外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，那么該經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的私人成本小于社會成本。
〔〕4. 若勞動(dòng)的供給曲線是完全無彈性的，則經(jīng)濟(jì)租等于零。
〔〕5. 商品交換的契約曲線表明了兩種商品配置最優(yōu)的所有可能性。
〔〕6. 社會保險(xiǎn)稅的增加并不影響國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值、國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)凈值、國民收入，但會直接影響個(gè)人可支配收入。
〔〕7. 國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中只要有摩擦性失業(yè)或自愿性失業(yè)存在，就不能說經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了充分就業(yè)。
〔〕8. 乘數(shù)原理說明國民收入的決定，加速原理說明投資的決定。
〔〕9. 當(dāng)人們預(yù)期利率下降，他們將出售債券。
〔〕10. 在開放經(jīng)濟(jì)中，一國只有通過實(shí)施貨幣政策而不是財(cái)政政策才能實(shí)現(xiàn)充分就業(yè)和國際收支平衡。
三、 名詞解釋〔每小題4分，共16分〕
1. 替代效應(yīng)
2. 逆淘汰〔逆向選擇〕
3. 貨幣非中性
4. 索羅剩余
四、 計(jì)算分析題〔共20分〕
1. 某公司有如下生產(chǎn)函數(shù)：Q〔K，L〕＝3㏑K＋2㏑L，若資本價(jià)格為4元，勞動(dòng)價(jià)格為6元，問：
〔1〕 若公司已經(jīng)擁有資本K ＝1800單位，為了使生產(chǎn)成本最小，該公司應(yīng)雇傭多少勞動(dòng)力？
〔2〕 若勞動(dòng)為固定要素， 資本是變動(dòng)要素，廠商生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的邊際成本是多少？
2. 假設(shè)某經(jīng)濟(jì)體的消費(fèi)函數(shù)為C＝400＋0.8Y，投資函數(shù)為I＝100－50r,政府購買為G＝100，貨幣需求函數(shù)為L＝150＋0.5Y－125r，貨幣供給M＝1150，價(jià)格水平P＝1。
〔1〕 寫出IS，LM方程。
〔2〕 計(jì)算均衡的國民收入和利率。
〔3〕 如果該國充分就業(yè)的國民收入是4000，若用增加政府購買實(shí)現(xiàn)充分就業(yè)，應(yīng)該增加多少政府購買。
五、 證明與簡答題〔每小題8分，共16分〕
1. 寡頭壟斷市場的需求曲線為P＝a－bQ，n個(gè)具有相同邊際成本c的廠商，以古諾方式競爭生產(chǎn)相同的產(chǎn)品，證明：當(dāng)n趨向于無窮大時(shí)，該產(chǎn)品的市場 價(jià)格等于邊際成本。
2. 簡述稅收制度如何發(fā)揮財(cái)政的自動(dòng)穩(wěn)定器功能。
六、 論述題〔每小題14分，共28分〕
1. 運(yùn)用微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的理論并結(jié)合實(shí)際分析我國以保護(hù)價(jià)〔支持價(jià)〕敞開收購農(nóng)民余糧的福利效應(yīng)。
2. 中國在實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整中希望刺激消費(fèi)的同時(shí)相對減少投資。根據(jù)IS—LM模型，你認(rèn)為政府可以采取什么政策來達(dá)到這種經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整？分別指出這些政策發(fā)揮作用的傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制和對宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)總量〔收入、投資、利率等〕的具體影響。
七、 英譯漢〔共三段，共50分〕
1. Taking another road〔20分〕
LESS than a month after losing its first legal dispute with the World Trade Organization〔WTO〕,China has introduced a new tax that will achieve much of what it originally wanted,only by another route. Moreover,it is a “green”tax. Who could object to that?
For the past few years,China has imposed a special 25% tariff on imported car parts,rather than the usual 10%,if the parts made up more than half of the value of a vehicle.This was to encourage foreign carmakers to use more local suppliers and reduce imports. But America,the European Union and Canada argued that the tariff was against WTO rules. In July the WTO,based in Geneva,agreed.
China may yet appeal.In the meantime,the government has found another way to reduce the flow of expensive automotive imports.On August 13th
the government announced a new “green”tax that will come into effect on September 1st.The new tax is meant to reduce fuel consumption and fight pollution.Rather than further raising the tax on fuel,which increased by almost 20% in June,the government is taxing gas-guzzling cars.By an amazing coincidence,most such cars are foreign-made.
Cars with engine capacities larger than 4.1 litres will now incur a 40% sales tax—twice the previous level.Cars with engines between
3 and 4.1 litres will be taxed at 25%, up from 15%.The tax on the smallest cars,with engines smaller than 1 litre,will fall from 3% to 1%. The 8% and 10% taxes on other cars will not change.The government says the new tax will encourage a shift to more fuel-efficient cars. It will also help Chinese carmakers,as they
tend to make cars with engines smaller than 2.5 litres. Foreign carmakers,which make most of the cars with larger engines,will suffer.
China’s new tax is canny.It cuts fuel use,reduces imports,benefits local carmakers and may help to improve air quality. It also prevents any more pesky calls from Geneva.
2. Credit Derivatives〔20分〕
Until last year credit-default swaps〔CDSs〕were hailed as wonder of modern finance.These derivatives allow sellers to take on new credit exposure and buyers to insure against companies or governments failing to honour their debts. The notional value of outstanding CDSs exploded from almost nil a decade ago to ＄62 trillion at the end of 2007. Traded privately,or “over the counter”,by banks,they seemed to prove that large,new fangled markets could function perfectly well with minimal regulation.
That view now looks quaint.Since September a wave of large defaults and near-misses,involving tottering banks,brokers,insurers and America’s giant mortgages agencies,Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac,has sent the CDS market reeling.Concern that CDSs are partly to blame for wild swings in financial shares has frayed nerves further.
The failure in mid-September of Lehman Brothers showed that the main systemic risk posed by CDSs came not from widespread losses on underlying debts but from the demise of a big dealer.The aftershock spread well beyond derivatives.Almost as traumatic was the rescue of American International Group〔AIG〕,a huge insurer that had sold credit protection on some ＄440 billion of elaborate structures packed with mortgages and corporate debt, known as collateralised-debt obligations〔CDOs〕.Had AIG been allowed to go bust ,the swaps market might well have unravelled.
Foul-ups with derivatives are hardly uncommon,but CDSs have been causing particular consternation.One reason is the broad threat of“counterparty risk” —the possibility that a seller or buyer cannot meet its obligations.Another is the rickety state of back-office plumbing,which was neglected as the market boomed.A third is that swaps can be used to hide credit risk from markets,since positions do not have to be accounted for on balance-sheets.They
make it beguilingly easy to concentrate risk.
Originally conceived as a means for banks to reduce their credit exposure to large corporate clients,CDSs quickly became the instruments of speculation for pension funds,insurers,companies and 〔especially〕hedge funds.And with no fixed supply of raw material,unlike stocks or bonds,bets could be almost limitless.
The root cause of the crisis, some expert argues,is bad mortgage lending,not derivatives:swaps on subprime mortgages grew unstable
because the loans themselves were dodgy.Last month one of the CDS market’s founder urged regulators to distinguish between tools and their users:“Tools that transfer risk can also increase systemic risk if major counterparties fail to manage their exposures properly.”
3. Export and import prohibitions〔10分〕
If the embargo prohibits the export or import of goods except under license,one of the parties may thereby be placed under an implied
duty to use reasonable endeavours to obtain a license.Failure to fulfill that duty will preclude the party in default from relying on frustration as a ground of discharge,unless he proves that any steps he could have taken to obtain a license would have been useless.
A similar,but distinct problem arises where legislation in force at the time the contract is made imposes a similar prohibition.If one party expressly or impliedly undertaken to use reasonable endeavours to obtain a license ,but with due diligence has been unable to do so ,he will normally be released from ability.There is some doubt,however,whether such inability to obtain a license under an existing licensing system is properly to be regarded as frustration.
[ 本帖最后由 zzp19870122 于 2009-8-23 21:01 編輯 ] |
評分
-
查看全部評分
|
發(fā)表于 2011-7-29 11:04
收藏
分享
支持
反對
樓主: zzp19870122
[復(fù)制鏈接]
