20外國語言文學初試真題回憶版

一只小芙蓉 · 發(fā)表于 2019-12-26 21:59

1，二外日語 題型設置：基本延續(xù)18年，唯一的變動是第三大題填寫助詞變成了選擇題（就是說除了翻譯，其他都是選擇題）。
   原題數(shù)量：原題很多，閱讀也不難（閱讀是全新的哦）
   提示：考日語的時候會讓帶直尺，是因為要手動在答題紙上繪制選擇題答題的表格

2，綜合英語
題型變動：原本四篇閱讀縮減為三篇，翻譯新增了英譯漢，其余不變
分值變動：漢譯英和英譯漢每篇20分，作文降至30
作文字數(shù)要求：字數(shù)升至400（也可能是450，記不大清了，反正不是300）
原題數(shù)量：第一大題詞匯與語法有幾個原題
漢譯英：
   北國的槐樹，也是一種能使人聯(lián)想起秋來的點綴。象花而又不是花的那一種落蕊，早晨起來，會鋪得滿地。腳踏上去，聲音也沒有，氣味也沒有，只能感出一點點極微細極柔軟的觸覺。掃街的在樹影下一陣掃后，灰土上留下來的一條條掃帚的絲紋，看起來既覺得細膩，又覺得清閑，潛意識下并且還覺得有點兒落寞，古人所說的梧桐一葉而天下知秋的遙想，大約也就在這些深沈的地方。
   秋蟬的衰弱的殘聲，更是北國的特產(chǎn)；因為北平處處全長著樹，屋子又低，所以無論在什么地方，都聽得見它們的啼唱。在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才聽得到的。這秋蟬的嘶叫，在北平可和蟋蟀耗子一樣，簡直象是家家戶戶都養(yǎng)在家里的家蟲。    （選自郁達夫《故都的秋》）

英譯漢：

Most people complain of fortune, few of nature; and the kinder they think the latter has been to them, the more they murmur at what they call the injustice of the former.

Why have not I the riches, the rank, the power, of such and such, is the common expostulation with fortune;but why have not I the merit, the talents, the wit, or the beauty, of such and such others, is a reproach rarely or never made to nature.

The truth is, that nature, seldom profuse, and seldom niggardly, has distributed her gifts more equally than she is generally supposed to have done.Education and situation make the great difference.Culture improves, and occasions elicit,natural talents I make no doubt but that there are potentially, if I may use that pedantic word, many Bacons, Lockes, Newtons, Caesars, Cromwells, and Marlboroughs at the ploughtail behind counters, and, perhaps, even among the nobility;but the soil must be cultivated, and the season favourable, for the fruit to have all its spirit and flavour.

3，英語語言文學與翻譯
   語言學題目：（1） Cooperative Principle
                  （2）semantic triangle theory
                  （3）lexeme, morpheme, allomorph
                  （4）endocentric construction and exocentric construction
                  （5）FSP
文學題目：（1）The Beat Generation ; Conceit
                  （2）Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre
                  （3） Whitman's contribution to American literature
   翻譯：
   （1）漢譯英
   如果說，西醫(yī)治病是以解剖系統(tǒng)為基礎，那么中醫(yī)治病，則以經(jīng)絡系統(tǒng)為其基礎之一。對此，西方人感到驚奇。如《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》中所述：“十二經(jīng)脈者，人之所以生，病之所以成，人之所以治……”“經(jīng)絡者，決死生，處百病，調(diào)虛實，不可不通。”可見，經(jīng)絡學說是中醫(yī)的一個核心理論，源于遠古，服務當今，在兩千多年的醫(yī)學長河中，為中華民族的治病、防病、康復發(fā)揮了重要的作用。
   與西醫(yī)的“頭痛醫(yī)頭，腳痛醫(yī)腳”不同，中醫(yī)對于頭痛，可能治腳，對于眼病可能治肝，對于耳病可能治腎等，會收到神奇的治療效果。那么，“經(jīng)絡”到底是什么？對此國內(nèi)外學者進行了大量研究，基本的共識是，經(jīng)絡既不是血液循環(huán)，也不是神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，而是運送“氣血”的通道。氣血必須通過經(jīng)絡才能輸布周身，以溫養(yǎng)濡潤各臟腑、組織和器官，維持機體的正常生理功能。中醫(yī)認為，“氣為血之帥，血為氣之母”。人體之氣來源于血液的氣化，故血為氣之母；氣又反過來推動血液循環(huán)，掌握著血流的節(jié)奏，故氣為血之帥；而這些都要在經(jīng)絡中進行。

（2）英譯漢

The influence of the forms and actions in nature is so needful to man, that in its lowest functions, it seems to lie on the confines of commodity and beauty. To the body and mind which have been cramped by noxious work or company, nature is medicinal and restores their tone. The tradesman, the attorney comes out of the din and craft of the street and sees the sky and the woods, and is a man again.

But in other hours, Nature satisfies the soul purely by its loveliness, and without any mixture of corporeal benefit. I see the spectacle of morning from the hilltop over against my house, from daybreak to sunrise, with emotions which an angel might share. The long slender bars of cloud float like fishes in the sea of crimson light. From the earth, as a shore, I look out into that silent sea. I seem to share its rapid transformations; the active enchantment reaches my dust; and I dilate and conspire with the morning wind. How does Nature deify us with a few and cheap elements! The leafless trees become spires of flame in the sunset; with the blue cast for their background, and the stars of the dead calices of flowers, and every withered stem and stubble rimed with frost, contribute something to the mute music. （選自愛默生的《論美》）