2019年北京大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)專業(yè)真題（回憶版）

DevinJXC · 發(fā)表于 2018-12-23 22:59

專業(yè)能力部分：

一：英譯漢 50分。
Character is nature in the highest form. It is of no use to ape it or to contend with it. Somewhat is possible of resistance, and of persistence, and of creation, to this power, which will foil all emulation.
This masterpiece is best where no hands but nature\'s have been laid on it. Care is taken that the greatly-destined shall slip up into life in the shade, with no thousand-eyed Athens to watch and blazon every new thought, every blushing emotion of young genius. Two persons lately, very young children of the most high God, have given me occasion for thought. When I explored the source of their sanctity and charm for the imagination, it seemed as if each answered, \'From my nonconformity; I never listened to your people\'s law, or to what they call their gospel, and wasted my time. I was content with the simple rural poverty of my own; hence this sweetness; my work never reminds you of that;--is pure of that.\' And nature advertises me in such persons that in democratic America she will not be democratized. How cloistered and constitutionally sequestered from the market and from scandal! It was only this morning that I sent away some wild flowers of these wood-gods. They are a relief from literature,--these fresh draughts from the sources of thought and sentiment; as we read, in an age of polish and criticism, the first lines of written prose and verse of a nation. How captivating is their devotion to their favorite books, whether Aeschylus, Dante, Shakspeare, or Scott, as feeling that they have a stake in that book; who touches that, touches them;--and especially the total solitude of the critic, the Patmos of thought from which he writes, in unconsciousness of any eyes that shall ever read this writing. Could they dream on still, as angels, and not wake to comparisons, and to be flattered! Yet some natures are too good to be spoiled by praise, and wherever the vein of thought reaches down into the profound, there is no danger from vanity. Solemn friends will warn them of the danger of the head\'s being turned by the flourish of trumpets, but they can afford to smile.
As I have said, Nature keeps these sovereignties in her own hands, and however pertly our sermons and disciplines would divide some share of credit, and teach that the laws fashion the citizen, she goes her own gait and puts the wisest in the wrong. She makes very light of gospels and prophets, as one who has a great many more to produce and no excess of time to spare on any one. There is a class of men, individuals of which appear at long intervals, so eminently endowed with insight and virtue that they have been unanimously saluted as divine, and who seem to be an accumulation of that power we consider. Divine persons are character born, or, to borrow a phrase from Napoleon, they are victory organized.

二：漢譯英 40分。
文章感覺(jué)很生硬，查了一下大概是復(fù)旦大學(xué)哲學(xué)學(xué)院教授張汝倫發(fā)表于2018年第03期的《哲學(xué)研究》的文章《論“內(nèi)在超越”》截取的幾句話生拉在一起，有的是漢學(xué)家余英時(shí)的話，有的話是史華茲的……翻譯的內(nèi)容大概如下：

中西文化都認(rèn)為人間秩序和道德價(jià)值的來(lái)源是超越性的:西方在柏拉圖那里是理型, 在基督教那里是上帝, 而中國(guó)便是天。但是, 在處理超越世界與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的關(guān)系上, 或用中國(guó)的術(shù)語(yǔ)說(shuō)天人關(guān)系上, 中西文化迥然兩樣。西方在超越世界和現(xiàn)實(shí)世界之間劃下一道不可逾越的鴻溝。而中國(guó)人認(rèn)為“兩個(gè)世界則是互相交涉, 離中有合、合中有離的”。具體而言, 這種不即不離的關(guān)系就是超越性的道即在人倫日用之中, 而人倫日用也不能須臾離道。中國(guó)人關(guān)注的是道德-精神生活主觀內(nèi)在的方面。人能培養(yǎng)自己內(nèi)在的道德成長(zhǎng)能力, 能達(dá)到被稱為仁的內(nèi)在道德完善。或者說(shuō), 人能在自己身上超越實(shí)然趨向應(yīng)然 (即實(shí)現(xiàn)道德行為) 。在此意義上, 社會(huì)中倫理的事物是出于人的主體。所謂向內(nèi)超越, 是指關(guān)注道德-精神生活的主觀方面。但這并不是說(shuō)道德的根據(jù)在人的主觀性, 更不是說(shuō)“超越”概念失去了其外在性的含義。除了道德的內(nèi)在根源外, 始終存在外在的理想社會(huì)秩序和正常的自然秩序。

三.閱讀 60分
閱讀考的是伊格爾頓那本文學(xué)理論Literary Theory：An Introduction的第一章The Rise of English節(jié)選，外研社影印版19頁(yè)To speak English Literature這一段開(kāi)始——22頁(yè)Like the religion這一段上面那一段結(jié)尾結(jié)束，內(nèi)容是文學(xué)和意識(shí)形態(tài)的關(guān)系。

1. 13個(gè)單詞解釋，13分。
evaporate pacify foster contemplative equanimity resonance turbulent philistine anarchy menace antidote trivia luminous
2. 幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)和句子的paraphrase，3分+6分+6分。
第一題考了social cement的含義，在選段的第二段第三段共出現(xiàn)兩次，如何理解social cement
第二題考的是paraphrase \"Like all successful ideologies, it works much less by explicit concepts...mythology\"這句話。還有個(gè)短語(yǔ)的paraphrase忘了。
第三題是paraphrase \"refreshingly unhypocritical\"
并pharaphase \"Arnold is refreshingly unhypocritical: there is no feeble pretence ...in the least \'disinterested\' \"整句話。
最后是讓總結(jié)作者的觀點(diǎn)，然后就用意識(shí)形態(tài)批評(píng)分析作品的strong points and weak points給出critical response且歡迎用具體文學(xué)作品來(lái)論述。作文32分。好像要求寫(xiě)450——500字？

專業(yè)知識(shí)部分：

英國(guó)文學(xué)：六選二

1. 給了個(gè)節(jié)選，沒(méi)細(xì)看，還是彌爾頓，撒旦什么的
2. 好像是Dryden，說(shuō)他既是作家，也是批評(píng)家？讓寫(xiě)篇essay論述他的相關(guān)文學(xué)批評(píng)？
3. 考的wordsworth的詩(shī)歌分析，分析語(yǔ)言什么的，并說(shuō)明其反應(yīng)了浪漫主義的什么特點(diǎn)和思想，大概是這樣。
4. 馬修阿諾德相關(guān)。
5. hero和heroism的問(wèn)題。說(shuō)狄更斯的大衛(wèi)科波菲爾有一句話，好像是開(kāi)頭？好像是說(shuō)敘述者要去看自己能否成為hero of his own life或者anybody else成為hero？然后薩克雷的名利場(chǎng)副標(biāo)題是一部沒(méi)有hero的小說(shuō)。讓解釋狄更斯的hero of his own life，以及名利場(chǎng)是一部沒(méi)有英雄的小說(shuō)indicate什么。然后聯(lián)系維多利亞時(shí)期的小說(shuō)，描述相關(guān)作家如何understand或者broaden或者xxx the traditional concept of hero and heroism
6. 說(shuō)的是維多利亞時(shí)期人們對(duì)progress的自信同時(shí)伴隨著anxiety，讓用具體的文學(xué)作品來(lái)分析維多利亞的作家們，要么是散文家要么是小說(shuō)家們（比如classical and Christian xxx？括號(hào)里的記不大清楚但他就是舉個(gè)例子我也沒(méi)看懂括號(hào)里給的例子，我寫(xiě)的是別的）表達(dá)了哪些anxiety以及如何表現(xiàn)的。

美國(guó)文學(xué)：三選一

1.說(shuō)有個(gè)美國(guó)文學(xué)評(píng)論家在一本書(shū)里說(shuō)美國(guó)文學(xué)有個(gè)eccentric romance feature？的特點(diǎn)？說(shuō)作家free the character or the reader from the forces of society？（natural，historical，social？）似乎individual不會(huì)受社會(huì)上的各種力量影響，甚至作家讓individual成為世界的主宰？大意好像是這樣，可能有些許錯(cuò)誤。反正就是強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人主義的，和個(gè)人自由的，好像。讓用19世紀(jì)美國(guó)文學(xué)的相關(guān)作品分析，作家在作品中是如何exemplify或者和這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)相反的。
2.給了個(gè)選段，讓identify 這個(gè)story的作者，并回答相關(guān)問(wèn)題，沒(méi)細(xì)看，我也不知誰(shuí)寫(xiě)的。
3.詩(shī)歌分析。詩(shī)很短讓分析語(yǔ)言什么的，最好能再聯(lián)系一下作者的其他作品。沒(méi)細(xì)看。

來(lái)自Android客戶端