The desire for friendship is always with us, but we dont always have friends. Many associations that seem friendship disaapear fast. That is because of a lack of the prerequisites, in trying to settle down what they are,(1)(填句子)___
Aristotle points out that there are three kinds of friendship; the friendship based on (2)__, (3) on__， (4) on ___.
The friendships of utility and pleasure go together and are no doubt the most common. People are “friendly”to their business associates, neighbors, the members of their car pool, and even casual acquaintances on trains, boats, and airplanes. This kind of civility is, to some degree, a form of friendship, the friendship of utility, of mutual convenience. (5) __, people are “friendly”to their golfing partners, to others at a cocktail party, and to acquaintances who entertain them. This is also a form of friendship, the friendship of pleasure, of mutual enjoyment.
These lower forms of friendship are nor necessarily bad, but they are inadequate. One of their defects results from the fact that they depend on and vary with circumstances. This is why they can quickly arise and quickly disappear. In order to surmount the effect of time and happenstance a higher form of friendship must be based on the inherent qualities of the individuals involved. A friendship so anchored cannot be (6)__.
True friendship surpasses (although it often includes) both utility and pleasure. For Aristotle, such a friendship must be based on a good moral character. Further, it must develop slowly, since it presupposes familiarity, knowledge, and ---eventually ---mutual trust.
This kind of friendship, then, is perfect both in respect of duration and in all other respects and in it each gets from each in all respects the same as, or something like what, he gives.
It should be clear now why real friendship requires more than merely having “something in common”. It is what people have in common that determines the kind of friendship they will have. True friendship requires at least a sound moral character out of the richness of which individuals are able to give and get this precious affection. And the more individuals give, the more they realize a genuine kind of selflessness, the better friends they are. A?good man will not only do for his friend what he would do for himself, but will, if necessary, do more.(只搜到了6道題)
第二題: 詩歌鑒賞(150字) 要求Understanding +comment
\"Nature\" is what we see --?by Emily Dickinson
\"Nature\" is what we see --
The Hill -- the Afternoon --
Squirrel -- Eclipse -- the Bumble bee --
Nay -- Nature is Heaven --
Nature is what we hear --
The Bobolink -- the Sea --
Thunder -- the Cricket --
Nay -- Nature is Harmony --
Nature is what we know --
Yet have no art to say --
So impotent Our Wisdom is
To her Simplicity.
主題是自然的Harmony和simplicity，難點(diǎn)在于解釋這首詩如何表現(xiàn)simplicity和harmony的，以及這首詩好在哪里。平時練習(xí)的sound pattern, figures of speech, iambic pentamenter都沒用上。硬寫了150字，也許北外老師更注重對詩歌本身的理解，詩歌如何表現(xiàn)主題的。分析需語言技巧比較其次。)
第一題填空題答案: (意思大致正確即可，但關(guān)鍵是意思就是想出來，偏得太厲害。)
1 we must begin by clearly distinguishing friendship that is accidental and transient and those that are essential and enduring.
(我覺得填 It is necessary to understand what true friendship is 也是可以的。如果填 we should know what kinds of friendship there are可能就離答案意思太遠(yuǎn)了)
2 utility 3 pleasure 4 virtue(三個送分題，第四題很多人填的應(yīng)該是a great character我覺得也沒跑偏，只是沒答案簡潔，估計(jì)沒人想到virtue，畢竟后文都是character.好的性格和virtue還是有點(diǎn)差別的。)