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標(biāo)題: 2012年考研英語一閱讀答案（迦思佑版） [打印本頁]
作者: trampeur 時間: 2012-1-12 20:09
標(biāo)題: 2012年考研英語一閱讀答案（迦思佑版）
2012年考研英語（一）閱讀答案（迦思佑版）
Section I Use of English
Section II ReadingComprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questionsbelow each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Text 1
Come on –Everybody’s doing it. Thatwhispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us thinkof when we hear the words peer pressure. It usuallyleads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex.But in her new book Join the Club,Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force throughwhat she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use thepower of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possiblythe word.
Rosenberg, the recipient of a PulitzerPrize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In SouthCarolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Hazesets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-preventioninitiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex amongtheir peers.
The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critiqueof the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail tomobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriouslyflawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking amongteenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-healthadvocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
But on the general effectiveness of thesocial cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Jointhe Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biologicalfactors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of thesocial cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for verylong. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence thatthe LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.
There’s no doubt that our peer groups exertenormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows thatpositive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks offriends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate thebehavior we see every day.
Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucratscan select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row bypairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. Andthat’s the problem with a social cure engineeredfrom the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing ourown friends.
21. According to the first paragraph, peerpressure often emerges as
[A] a supplement to the social cure
[B] a stimulus to group dynamics
[C] an obstacle to school progress
[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors
參考答案：D
解題思路：題干主題是peer pressure → 替換詞對應(yīng)often和usually→ drugs確定答案應(yīng)該含有否定成分 → 只有D含有否定成分。
小小竅門：添加前綴的復(fù)合詞多為正確選項。
22. Rosenberg holds that public advocatesshould
[A] recruit professional advertisers
[B] learn from advertisers’experience
[C] stay away from commercial advertisers
[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements
參考答案：B
解題思路：題干主題是public advocates → 替換詞對應(yīng)holds和argues,ought to和should → skilled是對take a page的進(jìn)一步解釋，確定答案應(yīng)該與技能有關(guān) → B是學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗很貼切。
23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s bookfails to
[A] adequately probe social andbiological factors
[B] effectively evade the flaws of thesocial cure
[C] illustrate the functions of statefunding
[D]produce a long-lasting social effect
參考答案：A
解題思路：題干主題是fails to → 替換詞對應(yīng)adequately和not enough, probe和exploration → 毫無疑問正確答案就是A。
小小竅門：同義或相近替換詞選項多為正確答案。
24. Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation ofbehaviors
[A] is harmful to our networks of friends
[B] will mislead behavioral studies
[C] occurs without our realizingit
[D] can produce negative health habits
參考答案：C
解題思路：題干主題是imitation → 替換詞對應(yīng)unconsciously和without our realizing → 毫無疑問正確答案就是A。
小小竅門：同義或相近替換詞選項多為正確答案。
25. The author suggests in the lastparagraph that the effect of peer pressure is
[A] harmful
[B] desirable
[C] profound
[D] questionable
參考答案：C
解題思路：題干主題是effect → 從far less certain和problem可以毫無疑問地確定答案就是D。
小小竅門：最后一題多為title題或主題，一般正確答案為“存在問題”、“危險狀態(tài)”、“文章中出現(xiàn)最多的選項”。
Text 2
A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,whenEntergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England,provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was renegingon a longstanding commitment to abide by thestrict nuclear regulations.
Instead, the company has done preciselywhat it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality ofVermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep itsVermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.
The conflict has been surfacing since 2002,when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an agingreactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, thecompany agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012.In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of theplant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, thecompany went along.
Either Entergy never really intended tolive by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next.A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety andEntergy’s management– especially after thecompany made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’sbehavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.
Now the company is suddenly claiming thatthe 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that onlythe federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legalissues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that statesdo have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say thatVermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far thosepowers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchworkregulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But hadEntergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.
The company seems to have concluded that itsreputation in Vermont is already so damaged thatit has nothing left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should beconsequences. Permission to run a nuclear plantis a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactorsin the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledgingto run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keepit open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises fromEntergy are worth.
26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1)is closest in meaning to
[A] condemning.
[B] reaffirming.
[C] dishonoring.
[D] securing.
參考答案：C
解題思路：把四個選項放入a longstanding commitment前面 → 只有C合乎邏輯。
小小竅門：添加前綴的復(fù)合詞多為正確選項。
27. By entering into the 2002 agreement,Entergy intended to
[A] obtain protection from Vermontregulators.
[B] seek favor from the federallegislature.
[C] acquire an extension of its businesslicense .
[D] get permission to purchase a powerplant.
參考答案：D
解題思路：題干主題是2002 →purchase替換詞對應(yīng)bought →選D比較合適。
28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seemsto have problems with its
[A] managerial practices.
[B] technical innovativeness.
[C] financial goals.
[D] business vision
參考答案：A
解題思路：題干主題是problems →替換詞對應(yīng)questions →只有A中managerial與第四段management對應(yīng)。
29. In the author’s view, the Vermont casewill test
[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all itspromises.
[B] the mature of states’ patchworkregulations.
[C] the federal authority over nuclearissues .
[D] the limits of states’ power over nuclearissues.
參考答案：D
解題思路：題干主題是the Vermont case will test →文中how far對應(yīng)limits，并且其他選項都沒有涉及到powers。
30. It can be inferred from the lastparagraph that
[A] Entergy’s business elsewheremight be affected.
[B] the authority of the NRC will bedefied.
[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouthapplication.
[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.
參考答案：A
解題思路：從文中看出名聲damaged，存在一個public trust的consequences，并且other reactors與elsewhere替換 →只有A相對可選。
Text 3
In the idealized version of how science isdone, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected byobjective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.But in the everyday practice of science, discoveryfrequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique lifeexperience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what wethink our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunitiesfor misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.
Consequently, discovery claims should bethought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they arefull of potential. But it takes collective scrutinyand acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This isthe credibility process, through which theindividual researcher’s me, here, nowbecomes the community’s anyone, anywhere,anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.
Once a discovery claim becomes public, thediscoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, thecommunity takes control of what happens next. Within the complex socialstructure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editorsand reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; otherscientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, thepublic (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possiblyaccompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it throughthe community, the interaction and confrontation between shared andcompeting beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms anindividual’s discovery claim into the community’s crediblediscovery.
Two paradoxes exist throughout thiscredibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect ofprevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little rewardaccompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed.The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly publisheddiscovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important andconvincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification orrefutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi oncedescribed discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobodyhas thought.” But thinking what nobody else hasthought and telling others what they have missedmay not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly noveldiscovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.
In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim– a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described asthe commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and completeeach other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”
31. According to the first paragraph, theprocess of discovery is characterized by its
[A] uncertainty and complexity.
[B] misconception and deceptiveness.
[C] logicality and objectivity.
[D] systematicness and regularity.
參考答案：A
解題思路：題干主題是process of discovery →文中對應(yīng)替換詞是route →uncertainty and complexity替換ambiguous and complicated →選A最合適。
小小竅門：添加前綴的復(fù)合詞多為正確選項+都是短選項的題多選簡單詞匯選項。
32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2that credibility process requires
[A] strict inspection.
[B]shared efforts.
[C] individual wisdom.
[D]persistent innovation.
參考答案：A
解題思路：題干主題是credibility process →takes collective scrutiny替換成strict inspection →選A相對合適。
33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claimbecomes credible after it
[A] has attracted the attentionof the general public.
[B]has been examined by the scientificcommunity.
[C] has received recognition from editorsand reviewers.
[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.
解題思路：從第一句話Once a discovery claimbecomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit.可演繹出A，但A引起注意稍有不妥，與B相比較還是選A。
小小竅門：選水果不選蘋果。
34. Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi would most likelyagree that
[A] scientific claims will survivechallenges.
[B]discoveries today inspire futureresearch.
[C] efforts to make discoveries arejustified.
[D]scientific work calls for a criticalmind.
解題思路：題干主題是Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi →文中thinking, telling思考與辨別對應(yīng)critical mind批評思想 →選D相對合適。
35.Which of the following would be the besttitle of the text?
[A] Novelty as an Engine of ScientificDevelopment.
[B]Collective Scrutiny in ScientificDiscovery.
[C] Evolution of Credibility in DoingScience.
[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate toScience.
解題思路：標(biāo)題題應(yīng)該選擇含有文章中多次出現(xiàn)的單詞的選項，即在C和D中選 →D中的challenge質(zhì)疑在文中也多次出現(xiàn)，故選D。
Text 4
If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa werealive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsterswere in their prime in 1960, only one in tenAmerican government workers belonged to a union; now36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sectorpassed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, morethan half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector onesare unionized.
There are three reasons for thepublic-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences.Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’spublic-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominateleft-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s LaborParty, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Itscurrent leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sectorunions.
At the state level their influence can beeven more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute ofCalifornia points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. Theteachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety oflabor groups on health care.
In many rich countries average wages in thestate sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come inbenefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded”public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increasesmodest but adding to holidays and especially pensionsthat are already generous.
Reform has been vigorouslyopposed, perhaps mostegregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay allfaced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that thequality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions havefought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.
As the cost to everyone else has becomeclearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsinthe unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, thehardline Republican governor. But many within thepublic sector suffer under the current system, too.
John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points outthat the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stayput but is bad for high achievers. The only Americanpublic-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are universitysports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packetshave attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not rewardhigh achievers may be a much bigger problem forAmerica.
36. It can be learned from the firstparagraph that
[A] Teamsters still have a large body ofmembers.
[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civilservant.
[C] unions have enlarged theirpublic-sector membership.
[D]the government has improved its relationship withunionists.
解題思路：從only one到36%可以確定C為正確答案。
37. Which of the following is true ofParagraph 2?
[A] Public-sector unions are prudent intaking actions.
[B] Education is required for public-sectorunion membership.
[C] Labor Party has long been fightingagainst public-sector unions.
[D]Public-sector unions seldom get introuble for their actions.
解題思路：選項D seldom get in trouble對應(yīng)without suffering much →選D相對合適。
38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 thatthe income in the state sector is
[A] illegally secured.
[B] indirectly augmented.
[C] excessively increased.
[D]fairly adjusted.
解題思路：題干主題是the income →文中pay increase與augumented對應(yīng) →adding to holidays and especially pensions可以演繹出indirectly →選B很合適。
小小竅門：添加前綴的復(fù)合詞多為正確選項 + 替換詞選項多為正確選項。。
39. The example of the unions in Wisconsinshows that unions
[A]often run against the current politicalsystem.
[B]can change people’s political attitudes.
[C]may be a barrier topublic-sector reforms.
[D]are dominant in the government.
解題思路：題干主題是Wisconsin →文中Reform has been vigorouslyopposed可以推斷出Wisconsin是個改革壁壘的例子 →選C很合適。
小小竅門：搖擺項是A和C，may選項多為正確，所以排除A。
40. John Donahue’s attitude towards thepublic-sector system is one of
[A]disapproval.
[B]appreciation.
[C]tolerance.
[D]indifference.
解題思路：題干主題是John Donahue →文中only American public-sectorworkers和much bigger problem可以推斷出作者是不贊成的 →選A很合適。
小小竅門：添加前綴的復(fù)合詞多為正確選項。
作者: NovaPV 時間: 2012-1-12 20:15
第三篇AAADD，可能嗎？
作者: bbcrzych 時間: 2012-1-12 20:23
第三篇閱讀的答案太扯了...
作者: 難得聰明 時間: 2012-1-12 20:58
29應(yīng)該選a吧,文章主要說那個公司不講信用,
作者: sunpengiloveyou 時間: 2012-1-12 21:09
難得聰明 發(fā)表于 2012-1-12 20:58 
29應(yīng)該選a吧,文章主要說那個公司不講信用,
注意文章關(guān)鍵詞 how far 直接就出來了LIMIT
作者: 難得聰明 時間: 2012-1-12 21:16
sunpengiloveyou 發(fā)表于 2012-1-12 21:09
注意文章關(guān)鍵詞 how far 直接就出來了LIMIT
誰不想啊,我英語只求過線
作者: xiaolei111 時間: 2012-1-12 22:01
第三篇。。。。。。32題，應(yīng)該還是丁教主的對，也就是B，A項說的是嚴(yán)格審查，原文說的collective scrutiny是共同審查，不要覺得是一樣的，雖然都是審查，一個強(qiáng)調(diào)共同一個強(qiáng)調(diào)嚴(yán)格程度，況且后面還有一個acceptance接受，這句話是說大家必須一起研究審查并且最終結(jié)果能為公眾接受。A項不僅以偏概全而且偷換概念，最重要的事原文沒有完全對應(yīng)信息，你可能覺得大家一起審查很嚴(yán)格，但這是你的推斷，原文沒有，另外其實最關(guān)鍵的是me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime也就是由個人到全體的過程，更揭示了答案和文章主題。
作者: xiaolei111 時間: 2012-1-12 22:10
33題也是B，這道題很明確，A選項明顯錯誤理解第一句，become public肯定不能完全對應(yīng)上attracted the attention of the general public，而且從文章主旨即可分析出，不僅要attention還要acceptance,become pulic是引起注意——經(jīng)過一系列共同研究檢查過程——最終被大家接受的結(jié)果。即便這里看不出來，最后一句，As a discovery claim works it through the community，the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.最后一句明確了答案，the community就是指代的scientific community，完美對應(yīng)
作者: trampeur 時間: 2012-1-12 23:39
25題答案打錯了 是D 是打錯了
作者: trampeur 時間: 2012-1-12 23:42
難得聰明 發(fā)表于 2012-1-12 20:58
29應(yīng)該選a吧,文章主要說那個公司不講信用,
29題搖擺項是C和D 不干A什么事 很明確 how far those powers extend 對應(yīng)limit很恰當(dāng)
作者: trampeur 時間: 2012-1-12 23:59
xiaolei111 發(fā)表于 2012-1-12 22:01
第三篇。。。。。。32題，應(yīng)該還是丁教主的對，也就是B，A項說的是嚴(yán)格審查，原文說的collective scrutiny ...
32題A和B的確是搖擺項 B項說shared efforts共享成果很像是從individual到community，個體到集體。但的確沒有明確對應(yīng)。大部分機(jī)構(gòu)都選B，其實A更正確些，就是inspection對應(yīng)scrutiny。
作者: xiaolei111 時間: 2012-1-13 00:09
trampeur 發(fā)表于 2012-1-12 23:59
32題A和B的確是搖擺項 B項說shared efforts共享成果很像是從individual到community，個體到集體。但的確 ...
恩，確實審查這個詞是對應(yīng)上了，但是我找不到嚴(yán)格，可能從第三段可以看出來很嚴(yán)格？反正挺糾結(jié)就是了
作者: trampeur 時間: 2012-1-13 00:10
xiaolei111 發(fā)表于 2012-1-12 22:10
33題也是B，這道題很明確，A選項明顯錯誤理解第一句，become public肯定不能完全對應(yīng)上attracted the atten ...
33題A糾結(jié)就在引起注意，B也確實是搖擺項，但B可能是蘋果，A是水果，選水果不選蘋果。
作者: 繁星畫夢 時間: 2012-1-13 07:23
第三篇感覺不準(zhǔn)
作者: jinsenianhua 時間: 2012-1-13 09:39
我覺得不太靠譜…怎么可能是AAADD呢…
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