1. Define the following linguistic terms: (15 points)
distinctive features & connotation & subordination & lexicon & cooperative principle
2. In what way is the sentence "The students complained to everyone that they couldn't understand" ambiguous? (15 points)
3. There is a riddle in English which goes like "Why is 6 afraid of 7?" The answer is "because 789". What is the basis for this riddle? (10 points)
4. What is focus on form? (10 points)
Part II. British and American Literature (50%)
1. Define the following terms (10 points)
heroic couplet & blank verse & the Imagist Movement & the Lost Generation & the Hemingway Code Heroes
2. Answer the following questions (20 points)
1). Why is Chaucer regarded as the forerunner of British Renaissance?
2). How did Laurence think about the then prevailing Industrial civilization? Exemplify your argument with his fiction.
3). What are the main features of Dickinson's poetry?
4). Why can The Great Gatsby be read as the vaporization of American Dream?
3. Write a commentary essay within 250 words on ONE of the following (20 points)
1). The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before sleep,
And miles to go before sleep.
2). It is from Huckleberry Finn that all modern American Literature comes. (Ernest Hemingway)
3). The School for Scandal
Part III. Translation (50%)
1. Translate the following passage into Chinese (25 points)
These days, no matter what our official employment status, we are all temporary workers. Wwhether we have comventional full-time jobs or are contingent, contact, or freelance workers, we are all living and working in TempWorld (臨時世界). In TempWorld everythins shifts rapidly. Nothing is forever, everything is temporary: where you work, what you do there, the skills you use, the people you work with.
In the fast-shifting world, there can be no guarantees attached to any particular job. But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from change and economic upheaval by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively.
2. Translate the following passage into English (25 points)
翻譯是一種信息轉遞的方式。把一種原來用甲語言表達的信息改用乙語言表達,使不懂乙語言的人也獲得同樣的信息,這就是翻譯。因此,翻譯對接受者(聽眾或讀者)的效果,應該與原文對原文接受者的效果基本相同,這是由翻譯的根本性質所決定的等效原則。
等效原則(principles of equivalent effect)中的關鍵因素之一是接受者。接受者是信息的終點:信息只有來源而沒有對象,傳遞就無法完成。然而,在翻譯尤其是筆譯過程中,譯者的目光往往集中在作品本身,而在不同程度上忽視了對接受者的效果。