江蘇大學(xué)2004年碩士研究入學(xué)英語語言學(xué)試題
江蘇大學(xué)2004年碩士研究入學(xué)英語語言學(xué)試題
考試科目:英語語言學(xué)
I. Multiple choice (10%)
1. ____________ has been widely accepted as the forefather of modernlinguistics.
a. Chomsky b. Saussure c. Bloomfield d. JohnLyons
2. The minimal independent unit of language is _________.
a. phoneme b. word c. morpheme d. affix
3. ____________ is not an English consonant.
a. Labio-dental plosive b. Alveolar nasal c. velar stopd. Dental fricative
4. __________ is not a distinctive feature in English phonology.
a. Nasality b. Voicing c. Aspiration d.rounding
5. The choice of an allophone in a given phonetic context is ______.
a. random b. predictable c. variable d.independent
6. Site and sight are ____________.
a. orthography b. homography c. homophony d.hyponymy
7. Kodak is a(n) ____________.
a. coinage b. blending c. acronym d.clipping
8. ____________ is a phenomenon that in some speech communities two varietiesof a language exist sides by side, with each having a different role to play.
a. Bilingualism b. Diglossia c. Pidgin d.Creole
9. The Indirect Speech Act was developed by __________.
a. John Austin b. Levinson c. JohnLyons d. John Searle.
10. The totality of linguistic varieties possessed by an individual constituteshis _________.
a. register b. linguistic repertoire c. idiolect d. dialect
II. Define the following terms(30%)
1. arbitrariness 2. evocative 3. competence 4. manners ofarticulation
5. distinctive features 6. stem 7. idiom 8.endocentric
9. hyponymy 10. sound writing 11. acronym 12.ideolect
13.standard language 14. illocutionary act 15.internal authority
III. Justify the following claims or statements. (20%)
1 The violation of one or more of the conversational maxims (of theCP Principle) can, when the listener fully understands the speaker, createconversational implicature, a humor sometimes.
2 Duality and cultural transmission are two most importantdesign features of human language.
3. Chomsky's 'competence' and 'performance' are similar in meaning toSaussure's 'langue' and 'parole'.
IV. Make your critical remarks on the following: (20％):
1 It's a bit cold in here.
2 John married Fred's sister
3 He drank another glass of beer 4 The lecturer continued speaking.
5 Peter has stopped beating his wife
V. Give one concept to cover the following statement(6%)
1) Human language can be used to refer to real or imagined mattersin the past, present, or future. It can even be used to talk aboutlanguage itself.
2) A competent native speaker is able to utter any grammaticalsentence that he has never said before or understand any that he has neverheard before.
3) Chomsky believes that anyone who knows a language hasinternalized a set of rules about the sequences permitted in his language.
4) Chomsky is much interested in the study of the similaritiesbetween languages rather than their differences.
5) Roughly from 1930 to 1960 some linguists gave pre-eminence tothe empirical or observational aspect in their investigation ofmeaning. They believed the meaning of a word is its use in thelanguage.
6) Since 1960's, some modern linguists have viewed the primaryfunction of language as the communication of ideas and assumed the data neededabout language can be supplied by direct resort to intuition.
VI. Answer the following questions briefly (20%)
1. Do you prefer descriptive linguistics to prescriptivelinguistics? Give your reasons.
2. What is the difference between broad transcription and narrowtranscription?
3. How is a phoneme different from a speech sound?
4. Why is speech prior to writing?
5. Why can’t we do away with Chinese characters?
VII. For each of the underlined constructions or word groups, do the following（8%)
a. State whether it is headed or non-headed.
b. If non-headed, state its headword.
c. Name the type of constructions.
1. Ducks quack.
2. I saw a bridge damaged beyond repair.
3. He enjoys climbing high mountains
4. His handsome face appeared in the magazine.
VIII. Give a detailed description of Firth’s theory of meaning.(16%)
IX. Give an overall account of the relationship between language and culture.(20%)